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Pterocarpus Marsupium

Also known as: Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb., Vijaysar, Indian Kino, Asana, Pterocarpus marsupium

Overview

Pterocarpus marsupium, commonly known as Vijaysar or Indian Kino, is a tree native to the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia. It is a widely used herb in Ayurvedic medicine, primarily recognized for its antihyperglycemic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and cardioprotective properties. The plant contains several key phytochemicals, including pterostilbene, epicatechin, marsupin, and liquiritigenin, which are believed to contribute to its therapeutic effects. Traditionally, it has been used to manage diabetes, reduce inflammation, and support cardiovascular health. Pterocarpus marsupium is available in various forms, including aqueous extracts, methanolic extracts, and as a component in herbal formulations. Research includes clinical trials and in vitro studies, suggesting a moderate to high level of research quality, though further investigations are needed to fully elucidate its mechanisms and potential applications. The heartwood of the tree is the most commonly used part for medicinal purposes.

Benefits

Pterocarpus marsupium exhibits several evidence-based benefits, primarily in managing Type 2 diabetes. Clinical trials have demonstrated its effectiveness in lowering blood glucose levels, with effects comparable to tolbutamide. Its antihyperglycemic properties are attributed to its ability to regenerate and protect beta cells. The extract containing pterostilbene has shown anti-inflammatory activity by selectively inhibiting COX-2 and suppressing PGE2 production. Additionally, the plant extracts have demonstrated antimicrobial activity against bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The aqueous extract of the heartwood has shown cardioprotective effects due to its antioxidant properties, particularly through compounds like 5,7,2-4 tetrahydroxy isoflavone 6-6 glucoside. These benefits make Pterocarpus marsupium a valuable supplement for managing diabetes, reducing inflammation, and supporting cardiovascular health.

How it works

Pterocarpus marsupium exerts its effects through several biological pathways. Its antihyperglycemic action is believed to stem from its ability to regenerate and protect pancreatic beta cells, enhancing insulin secretion and sensitivity. The plant's insulin-like activity further contributes to glucose regulation. Pterostilbene, a key component, inhibits COX-2 enzymes, reducing PGE2 production and exerting anti-inflammatory effects. The plant interacts with the endocrine system by modulating insulin levels, the immune system by reducing inflammation, and the cardiovascular system through antioxidant and cardioprotective mechanisms. Oral administration of Pterocarpus marsupium extract increases pterostilbene levels in serum, though these levels may be below the active concentration observed in vitro, suggesting potential limitations in bioavailability.

Side effects

Short-term supplementation with Pterocarpus marsupium extract has generally been found to be safe, with no significant adverse events reported in clinical studies. However, comprehensive data on common, uncommon, and rare side effects are limited. Due to its potential to lower blood glucose levels, caution should be exercised when using it with other medications, especially those affecting blood sugar levels, to avoid hypoglycemia. While no specific contraindications are explicitly mentioned, it should be used under medical supervision, particularly in patients with diabetes or other chronic conditions. Pregnant or breastfeeding women should use this supplement with caution due to the lack of specific studies on these populations. Long-term safety and potential interactions with other medications require further investigation to ensure comprehensive safety guidelines.

Dosage

The minimum effective dose of Pterocarpus marsupium for antihyperglycemic effects has been reported as 100-200 mg/kg in animal studies. Human studies have used doses around 450 mg per day. Optimal dosages range from 100 mg to 450 mg per day, depending on the specific use and population. There is no established maximum safe dose, but doses up to 450 mg per day have been used safely in clinical studies. It is generally taken orally once or twice a day. The plant can be consumed as an aqueous extract, methanolic extract, or in other forms, with the aqueous extract being commonly used. The absorption of Pterocarpus marsupium extracts may vary depending on the form and method of preparation. There is no specific information on required cofactors for its efficacy.

FAQs

Is Pterocarpus marsupium safe to use?

Pterocarpus marsupium is generally safe for short-term use. However, long-term safety and potential interactions with other medications require further investigation. Consult with a healthcare provider before use.

When and how should I take Pterocarpus marsupium?

It is generally taken orally, but the optimal timing may depend on the specific health condition being treated. Follow the dosage instructions provided by your healthcare provider or as indicated on the product label.

What results can I expect from taking Pterocarpus marsupium?

Users may experience improvements in blood glucose levels, anti-inflammatory effects, and potential cardioprotective benefits. Individual results may vary, and it should be used as part of a comprehensive treatment plan.

Can Pterocarpus marsupium replace my diabetes medication?

No, it is not a replacement for standard medical treatment for diabetes or other conditions. It can be used as a complementary therapy under medical supervision to support overall health.

Research Sources

https://ayushdhara.in/index.php/ayushdhara/article/download/885/736/1958 – This article discusses the traditional uses and pharmacological activities of Pterocarpus marsupium. It highlights its role in managing diabetes, inflammation, and other health conditions, emphasizing its importance in Ayurvedic medicine. The review provides a comprehensive overview of the plant's therapeutic potential based on traditional knowledge and scientific studies.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15931573/ – This study investigates the selective COX-2 inhibitory activity of Pterocarpus marsupium extract. The findings indicate that the extract can selectively inhibit COX-2 and suppress PGE2 production, suggesting its potential as an anti-inflammatory agent. The research supports the use of Pterocarpus marsupium in managing inflammatory conditions.
https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pharmacology/articles/10.3389/fphar.2022.821810/full – This systematic review examines the efficacy of Ayurvedic medicines in managing Type 2 diabetes. It includes an analysis of Pterocarpus marsupium, highlighting its role in lowering blood glucose levels and improving overall glycemic control. The review provides evidence-based support for the use of Pterocarpus marsupium as part of a comprehensive diabetes management strategy.
https://www.ijpsjournal.com/article/A+Brief+Review+On+Pterocarpus+Marsupium – This review provides a concise overview of Pterocarpus marsupium, covering its botanical aspects, chemical constituents, and pharmacological properties. It summarizes the plant's traditional uses and highlights its potential in managing various health conditions, including diabetes and inflammation. The article serves as a quick reference for understanding the key aspects of Pterocarpus marsupium.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/279596616_Efficacy_of_vijayasar_Pterocarpus_marsupium_in_the_treatment_of_newly_diagnosed_patients_with_type_2_diabetes_mellitus_A_flexible_dose_double-blind_multicenter_randomized_controlled_trial – This double-blind, multicenter randomized controlled trial assesses the efficacy of Pterocarpus marsupium (Vijaysar) in newly diagnosed patients with Type 2 diabetes. The study found that Pterocarpus marsupium was effective in lowering blood glucose levels, comparable to tolbutamide. This high-quality study provides strong evidence for the use of Pterocarpus marsupium in managing Type 2 diabetes.