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Black Elderberry Fruit Extract

Also known as: Sambucus nigra, European elder, elder, black elder, black sambucus, Black Elderberry

Overview

Black elderberry (*Sambucus nigra*) is a plant native to Europe, North Africa, and Western Asia. Its fruit is rich in bioactive compounds, including anthocyanins, flavonoids, and phenolic acids, contributing to various medicinal properties. Traditionally, it has been used to address respiratory issues such as the common cold and influenza. The high concentration of anthocyanins, particularly cyanidin-3-glucoside, gives black elderberry notable antioxidant and antiviral effects. With growing clinical research, it shows promise in supporting respiratory health and combating certain viral infections, including COVID-19.

Benefits

Black elderberry has multiple evidence-based health benefits, primarily in alleviating upper respiratory symptoms. A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials indicates that elderberry supplementation significantly reduces symptoms associated with viral infections, making it a potential alternative to conventional medications for these conditions. Systematic reviews further suggest that black elderberry may shorten the duration and severity of colds and flu. In vitro studies demonstrate its ability to inhibit the replication of SARS-CoV-2, pointing to its antiviral potential. Although benefits appear applicable to various adult populations suffering from viral respiratory illnesses, more research is needed for specific demographics like children and the elderly.

How it works

Black elderberry's antiviral properties are linked to its ability to inhibit viral replication, notably through its interaction with viral proteases such as the papain-like protease and the 3CLpro protease of SARS-CoV-2. It may also modulate immune response by reducing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The key biological pathways are largely attributed to the bioactive compounds, particularly anthocyanins and flavonoids, found in the extract.

Side effects

Black elderberry is generally safe for consumption, with rare reports of adverse effects. Common side effects may include mild gastrointestinal discomfort, occurring in less than 5% of users. There are no known serious side effects or consistent reports of uncommon reactions. Although significant drug interactions have not been observed, caution is advised for individuals taking medications concurrently. Consultation with healthcare professionals is recommended for individuals with underlying health conditions, as well as for special populations like pregnant women, children, and the elderly, due to limited safety data in these groups.

Dosage

Recommended dosages for black elderberry extract typically range from 500 mg to 2000 mg per day, often divided into multiple doses. Clinical studies commonly utilize doses within this range, with no established maximum safe limits reported. For prevention, it is best taken at the onset of symptoms or during flu season. Black elderberry is available in various forms, including capsules, syrups, and teas, which could influence bioavailability. The absorption of active compounds can also be affected by dietary factors and extraction methods used.