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Chinese Peony Root Extract

Also known as: Chinese Peony Root Extract, White Peony Root, Total Glucosides of Peony (TGP), Paeonia lactiflora Pallas, Paeonia lactiflora

Overview

Chinese Peony Root Extract is derived from the root of *Paeonia lactiflora*, a plant widely used in traditional Chinese medicine. The extract is characterized by its high content of glucosides, with paeoniflorin being the primary active compound. It is often studied in the form of Total Glucosides of Peony (TGP). This herbal extract is primarily used for its anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, hepatoprotective, and analgesic properties. It is also being explored for its potential cardiovascular benefits, menopausal symptom relief, and mood-enhancing effects. The extract contains multiple bioactive compounds that regulate immune responses and reduce inflammation. Research on Chinese Peony Root Extract is considered moderately advanced, with numerous randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses available, particularly in the context of rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory conditions. The available evidence includes systematic reviews and meta-analyses of RCTs, supporting its efficacy and safety profile, although some limitations exist regarding sample sizes and heterogeneity across studies.

Benefits

Chinese Peony Root Extract, particularly TGP, has shown several evidence-based benefits. In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), TGP as an adjunct therapy has been shown to reduce hepatic adverse effects and leukopenia associated with conventional RA treatments, indicating improved safety and tolerability. It also exhibits anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects by inhibiting inflammatory mediators, balancing T-helper and suppressor T cells, and reducing oxidative stress. Paeoniflorin, a key component, may offer cardiovascular protection by regulating glucose and lipid metabolism. Furthermore, the extract contains phytoestrogens that may alleviate menopausal symptoms such as hot flashes and vaginal dryness. Animal studies suggest potential benefits for mood disorders, with paeoniflorin reducing anxiety and depression symptoms by increasing serotonin availability. Most clinical evidence is derived from studies on patients with RA and menopausal women, while animal models provide preliminary data on mood disorders.

How it works

Chinese Peony Root Extract exerts its effects through multiple biological pathways. It inhibits the production of inflammatory mediators, suppresses overactive immune responses, and balances helper and suppressor T cells. The extract also exhibits antioxidant activity, reducing oxidative stress. Paeoniflorin, a key component, modulates calcium overload in cells. These actions contribute to its anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. The extract interacts with various body systems, including the immune system, liver, cardiovascular system, and central nervous system. Molecular targets include the serotonin transporter (SERT) in the CNS, inflammatory cytokines, immune cell regulation, and oxidative stress pathways. Paeoniflorin and glucosides are absorbed orally, although bioavailability can be influenced by formulation and gut microbiota. Paeoniflorin may also affect gut microbiome composition.

Side effects

Chinese Peony Root Extract is generally considered safe, with a low incidence of adverse effects. The most commonly reported side effect is mild gastrointestinal discomfort. Uncommon side effects include allergic reactions and mild elevations in liver enzymes. Severe allergic reactions or idiosyncratic responses are rare. Due to its blood clotting inhibition properties, potential interactions with anticoagulants exist, and caution is advised when combined with immunosuppressants or other herbal supplements. Contraindications include known allergy to peony or related compounds, and caution is advised during pregnancy and breastfeeding due to limited data. While use in menopausal women for symptom relief is supported, more research is needed for pediatric and pregnant populations. Meta-analysis suggests TGP reduces some adverse effects of conventional RA drugs, further supporting its safety profile.

Dosage

The minimum effective dose of Chinese Peony Root Extract varies by preparation. Clinical trials in RA often use standardized TGP extracts at doses around 600 mg/day. Optimal dosage ranges typically fall between 600–1200 mg/day of TGP extract in divided doses, depending on the specific indication and formulation. The maximum safe dose is not firmly established, but doses up to 1200 mg/day have been used safely in trials. It is usually administered orally in divided doses with meals to improve absorption and reduce gastrointestinal side effects. Standardized extracts containing quantified paeoniflorin content are preferred for consistency. Bioavailability may be influenced by gut microbiota and formulation, and co-administration with food may enhance tolerance. No specific cofactors are required, but general good nutrition supports efficacy.

FAQs

Is Chinese Peony Root Extract safe for long-term use?

Current evidence suggests it is safe for long-term use, especially as adjunct therapy in RA, with a low incidence of serious side effects.

Can it replace conventional RA medications?

No, it is used as an adjunct to improve safety and efficacy, not as a standalone treatment.

How quickly do benefits appear?

Clinical benefits typically emerge over weeks to months of consistent use.

Does it interact with blood thinners?

Potentially yes; caution is advised due to possible blood clotting inhibition.

Is it effective for mood disorders in humans?

Evidence is preliminary and mostly from animal studies; human trials are needed to confirm these effects.

Research Sources

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33771151/ – This meta-analysis of RCTs assessed TGP as an adjunct therapy in RA and found a significant reduction in hepatic adverse effects and leukopenia compared to conventional treatment alone. The study included sample sizes of ≥30 per group and used risk ratios with 95% CI to determine significance. The authors noted limitations including heterogeneity in study designs and populations.
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10267833/ – This review summarizes paeoniflorin's regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism, antioxidant effects, and potential to protect the cardiovascular system. The evidence presented is mainly preclinical, highlighting the need for clinical trials to validate these findings. The review suggests paeoniflorin could be a promising agent for cardiovascular health.
https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-32/peony – This WebMD article provides a general overview of peony, including its uses, potential benefits, and safety information. It serves as a basic reference for understanding the traditional uses of peony in medicine. However, it should be supplemented with more rigorous scientific sources for detailed information.
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1155/2016/8292486 – This systematic review included multiple RCTs and in vitro/in vivo studies, demonstrating anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, hepatoprotective, and analgesic effects of TGP. Mechanistic insights include inhibition of inflammatory mediators and oxidative stress. The authors noted that the quality of evidence was moderate and called for larger RCTs to confirm the findings.
https://www.healthline.com/health/white-peony-root – This Healthline article discusses the potential health benefits of white peony root, including its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. It also touches on its traditional uses and potential side effects. As a general health resource, it provides a broad overview but should be complemented with peer-reviewed research for in-depth analysis.