Calcium ascorbate dihydrate
Also known as: Calcium ascorbate, calcium vitamin C, Calcium ascorbate dihydrate
Overview
Calcium ascorbate dihydrate is a buffered form of vitamin C, created by combining ascorbic acid with calcium. This chemical modification results in a less acidic compound compared to standard ascorbic acid, which may improve gastrointestinal tolerability. It is synthetically produced for use as a dietary supplement, providing both vitamin C and calcium. Its primary applications include preventing or treating vitamin C deficiency, supporting immune function, and contributing to calcium intake. While vitamin C itself is extensively researched, specific studies on calcium ascorbate dihydrate are more limited but growing, with some evidence suggesting potential advantages in bioavailability and immune modulation.
Benefits
Calcium ascorbate dihydrate offers several evidence-based benefits, primarily related to its vitamin C content and improved tolerability. A key benefit is its potential to enhance immune function: a randomized controlled trial showed that 500 mg doses increased plasma dehydroascorbic acid (DHA) and improved neutrophil function within 8 hours in healthy adults, indicating significant immune support. A systematic review further suggested that calcium ascorbate formulations might more effectively increase leukocyte vitamin C concentrations, crucial for immune cell activity. Another significant advantage is improved gastrointestinal tolerability compared to ascorbic acid, with fewer reports of epigastric adverse events, making it suitable for individuals sensitive to acidic forms of vitamin C. Some research also indicates a possible reduction in cold incidence and duration of severe symptoms. These benefits are particularly relevant for healthy adults seeking immune support or those with gastric sensitivity to traditional vitamin C.
How it works
Calcium ascorbate dihydrate functions by delivering bioavailable vitamin C and calcium to the body. As a form of vitamin C, it acts as a potent antioxidant, neutralizing free radicals and reducing oxidative stress. It also serves as a crucial cofactor for numerous enzymatic reactions, including those involved in collagen synthesis, neurotransmitter production, and carnitine synthesis. Its unique buffering allows for potentially better absorption and cellular uptake, particularly into immune cells. Studies indicate it can enhance leukocyte vitamin C levels, thereby supporting the function of immune cells such as neutrophils (improving phagocytosis) and natural killer cells. This contributes to a robust immune response and overall cellular health.
Side effects
Calcium ascorbate dihydrate is generally considered safe and well-tolerated, with no major safety concerns reported in clinical trials or systematic reviews. The most common side effect, though less frequent than with ascorbic acid, is mild gastrointestinal discomfort. Unlike ascorbic acid, its buffered nature often mitigates issues like stomach upset or acidity. There are no specifically reported uncommon or rare side effects. No significant drug interactions have been identified, though general precautions for vitamin C apply. Contraindications include hypersensitivity to vitamin C or calcium ascorbate, and caution is advised for individuals with hypercalcemia or a history of kidney stones, as high doses of vitamin C can increase oxalate excretion, although some research suggests calcium ascorbate may favorably alter oxalate metabolism, potentially reducing this risk. Overall, its safety profile is favorable, especially for those sensitive to acidic vitamin C forms.
Dosage
The optimal dosage for calcium ascorbate dihydrate varies based on individual needs and desired effects. For immune benefits, a dose of 500 mg of calcium ascorbate has demonstrated efficacy, showing improvements in immune parameters within 8 hours. While 250 mg did not show significant differences compared to ascorbic acid in immune function, typical vitamin C supplementation ranges from 250 mg to 1000 mg daily. The maximum safe dose for vitamin C is generally considered to be up to 2000 mg daily. However, it's crucial to also monitor total calcium intake to avoid hypercalcemia, as calcium ascorbate provides both nutrients. For individuals with gastric sensitivity, the buffered form is preferred. Absorption studies suggest calcium ascorbate may offer improved absorption and leukocyte uptake compared to standard ascorbic acid.
FAQs
Is calcium ascorbate better than ascorbic acid?
At 500 mg doses, calcium ascorbate may offer enhanced immune benefits and superior gastrointestinal tolerability compared to ascorbic acid, making it a preferred choice for some.
Can calcium ascorbate cause kidney stones?
While high doses of vitamin C can increase oxalate, calcium ascorbate may induce favorable oxalate changes, potentially reducing the risk of kidney stone formation compared to other forms.
Is it safe for long-term use?
Yes, within recommended dosage guidelines, calcium ascorbate is considered safe and well-tolerated for long-term supplementation.
Does it provide calcium benefits?
Yes, calcium ascorbate provides both vitamin C and calcium, contributing to overall health and potentially supporting bone health alongside its vitamin C benefits.
Research Sources
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39408325/ – This double-blind, randomized crossover trial with 93 healthy adults compared calcium ascorbate to ascorbic acid. It found that a 500 mg dose of calcium ascorbate significantly increased plasma dehydroascorbic acid (DHA) and enhanced neutrophil and natural killer cell function within 8 hours, suggesting superior immune benefits over ascorbic acid at this dose.
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39861409/ – This systematic literature review analyzed various vitamin C formulations, including calcium ascorbate. It concluded that calcium ascorbate generally exhibits better gastrointestinal tolerability and, in some studies, leads to higher leukocyte vitamin C levels compared to ascorbic acid, indicating potential advantages for immune cell function and overall comfort.
- https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/10915810590953851 – This safety assessment report reviewed animal and human data on calcium ascorbate and related ascorbate salts. It confirmed the overall safety of calcium ascorbate at typical supplementation doses, highlighting its metabolic pathways and excretion as supporting its favorable safety profile without significant adverse effects.