Arginine Alpha Ketoglutarate
Also known as: Arginine Alpha-Ketoglutarate, AAKG, Arginine AKG
Overview
Arginine Alpha-Ketoglutarate (AAKG) is a compound formed by combining L-arginine, an amino acid, with alpha-ketoglutarate, a key intermediate in the Krebs cycle. It is primarily used as a dietary supplement to enhance athletic performance and improve blood flow. AAKG is believed to increase nitric oxide production, which can improve blood flow and potentially enhance exercise performance through vasodilation and improved oxygen delivery to muscles. L-arginine is found in many foods, while alpha-ketoglutarate plays a crucial role in cellular energy production. AAKG is available in powder and capsule forms. Research on AAKG's efficacy is moderate, with mixed results regarding its effects on exercise performance and hemodynamics. Some studies suggest benefits, while others find minimal effects, indicating the need for further investigation to establish its clinical significance and optimal usage.
Benefits
Some studies suggest that AAKG may improve blood flow and exercise performance, though results are inconsistent. The potential benefits include enhanced nitric oxide production and improved cardiovascular health. Athletes and individuals seeking to improve exercise performance may experience some benefits, but the evidence is not strong. A randomized controlled trial (RCT) and systematic review/meta-analysis show mixed results regarding the effectiveness of AAKG on exercise performance and health outcomes. More research is needed to establish clinical significance and determine specific effect sizes. Immediate effects on blood flow may occur, but long-term benefits are less clear.
How it works
AAKG primarily works by increasing nitric oxide production. It provides L-arginine, a precursor to nitric oxide, which is synthesized by nitric oxide synthase. This enzyme converts L-arginine into citrulline and nitric oxide. Nitric oxide then causes vasodilation, enhancing blood flow and potentially improving oxygen delivery to muscles. AAKG interacts with the cardiovascular system by promoting vasodilation and improving blood flow. While generally well-absorbed, specific bioavailability data for AAKG is limited.
Side effects
AAKG is generally considered safe when used appropriately. Common side effects include gastrointestinal issues such as diarrhea or stomach cramps. Uncommon side effects may include allergic reactions or interactions with medications, particularly blood thinners or medications for high blood pressure. Individuals with kidney or liver disease should consult a healthcare provider before use, as should pregnant or breastfeeding women. High doses may increase the risk of side effects. Rare side effects are not well-documented, but caution is advised. It is important to adhere to recommended dosages to minimize potential adverse effects.
Dosage
The typical minimum effective dose of AAKG is 2-4 grams per day. Optimal dosage ranges from 2-12 grams per day, though this is not well-established. The maximum safe dose is not well-defined, and high doses may increase the risk of side effects. AAKG is often taken before exercise to enhance performance. It is available in powder or capsule form, with no specific form recommended over another. Absorption may be influenced by stomach acidity and the presence of other nutrients. No specific cofactors are required for AAKG to be effective.
FAQs
What is AAKG used for?
AAKG is often used by athletes to enhance performance, but its effectiveness varies. It is believed to improve blood flow and oxygen delivery to muscles, potentially leading to better exercise outcomes.
Is AAKG safe?
AAKG is generally safe, but individuals with certain health conditions, such as kidney or liver disease, should consult a healthcare provider before use. Pregnant or breastfeeding women should also seek medical advice.
When should I take AAKG?
AAKG is typically taken before exercise to potentially improve blood flow and enhance performance. Follow the recommended dosage guidelines to minimize the risk of side effects.
What results can I expect from taking AAKG?
Potential improvements in blood flow and exercise performance may occur, though results are inconsistent. It's important to have realistic expectations and understand that AAKG's effects can vary.
Is AAKG a miracle supplement for athletic performance?
No, the belief that AAKG significantly enhances athletic performance is a common misconception. While it may offer some benefits, the evidence is not strong enough to support widespread use without further investigation.
Research Sources
- https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7282262/ – This study reviews the ergogenic effects of multi-ingredient supplements. It highlights that while some ingredients may have potential benefits, the overall evidence is often mixed and requires further investigation to confirm efficacy and safety.
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21813912/ – This research investigates the impact of arginine supplementation on blood pressure. The study suggests that arginine may have a role in modulating blood pressure, but further research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms and clinical implications.
- https://physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.14814/phy2.14739 – This study examines the effects of AAKG supplementation on hemodynamics and circulating L-arginine levels over 7 days. The findings provide insights into the short-term physiological responses to AAKG, but the limited duration calls for longer-term studies to assess sustained effects.
- https://f1000research.com/articles/10-1072 – This article discusses the potential benefits and risks associated with dietary supplements. It emphasizes the importance of evidence-based decision-making and highlights the need for rigorous scientific evaluation to ensure both efficacy and safety.
- https://vkm.no/download/18.645b840415d03a2fe8f26066/1502798687898/Risk%20assessment%20of%20%22other%20substances%22%20-%20L-arginine%20and%20arginine%20alpha-ketoglutarate.pdf – This risk assessment evaluates the safety of L-arginine and arginine alpha-ketoglutarate. It provides a comprehensive overview of potential adverse effects and identifies specific populations that may be at higher risk, contributing to informed decision-making regarding supplementation.
