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Reishi Mushroom Fruiting Body Extract

Also known as: Ganoderma lucidum, Reishi Mushroom, Lingzhi

Overview

Ganoderma lucidum, commonly known as Reishi mushroom, is a fungus that has been used in traditional medicine for centuries, particularly in East Asian cultures. It grows on decaying logs or tree stumps and is recognized for its potential anticancer, immunostimulatory, hepatoprotective, antiviral, and cardiovascular benefits. The mushroom contains various bioactive components, including polysaccharides (e.g., β-glucans), triterpenes (e.g., ganoderic acids), proteins, and other nutrients, which are believed to contribute to its health benefits. Reishi is also used for managing conditions like chronic fatigue syndrome, diabetes, and rheumatoid arthritis. Research on Reishi mushroom is ongoing, with a mix of preclinical and clinical studies, but high-quality clinical evidence is still limited. The available evidence varies, and systematic reviews highlight the need for more robust clinical trials to confirm its efficacy.

Benefits

Reishi mushroom has shown potential benefits in several areas. It enhances markers of immune function in people with cancer, as indicated by a systematic review and meta-analysis of five RCTs. Some studies suggest that Reishi may improve tumor response to chemotherapy and reduce markers of cancer growth, although the evidence quality is low. Additionally, a randomized, placebo-controlled trial found that a Reishi polysaccharide extract reduced fatigue and improved Clinical Global Impression severity scores in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. Preliminary evidence suggests that Reishi may lower blood sugar or insulin resistance in people with type 2 diabetes, though more robust studies are needed. The effect sizes and clinical significance vary widely across studies, and many lack detailed reporting of these metrics. Improvements in immune function and fatigue reduction have been noted over periods ranging from 8 to 12 weeks.

How it works

Reishi's bioactive components, particularly polysaccharides and triterpenes, interact with various biological pathways. Polysaccharides are known to stimulate the immune system, while triterpenes may have anti-inflammatory, antitumorigenic, and other pharmacological effects. These components can modulate the immune system, influence cancer cell growth, and affect metabolic pathways related to diabetes and cardiovascular health. The nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) transcription pathway is one of the targets for Reishi's anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. The bioavailability of Reishi's bioactive components can vary depending on the extraction method and formulation. Polysaccharides are generally water-soluble, while triterpenes may require organic solvents.

Side effects

Reishi mushroom extract is generally considered safe for short-term use (up to one year), but long-term safety data are lacking. There is limited data on common side effects, but gastrointestinal symptoms and allergic reactions have been reported in some cases. No specific uncommon or rare side effects are well-documented in the literature. Potential interactions with immunosuppressive drugs and anticoagulants have been suggested, but these are not well-studied. Caution is advised in patients with autoimmune diseases or those taking immunosuppressive medications. Pregnant or breastfeeding women should use Reishi with caution due to the lack of safety data. It is important to consult with a healthcare provider before starting Reishi, especially if you have pre-existing health conditions or are taking other medications.

Dosage

Traditional practitioners recommend starting doses of 0.5 to 1 g daily. Clinical trials have used doses ranging from 1.44 g to 5.4 g of Reishi extract daily, with some recommendations up to 12 g daily based on traditional pharmacopoeia. There is no established maximum safe dose, but doses up to 5.4 g daily for 12 weeks have been used in clinical trials without significant adverse effects. No specific timing recommendations are available, but consistency in dosing is likely important. Extracts and capsules are commonly used; the choice of form may depend on the specific bioactive components desired (e.g., polysaccharides vs. triterpenes). Bioavailability can be influenced by the extraction method. A balanced diet and adequate hydration are generally recommended.

FAQs

Is Reishi mushroom safe?

Reishi is generally considered safe for short-term use, but long-term safety and interactions with other medications need further study. Consult a healthcare provider before use.

When should I take Reishi?

Consistent dosing is recommended, but there is no specific timing guidance. It can be taken with or without food, depending on personal preference and tolerance.

What results can I expect from taking Reishi?

Improvements in immune function, fatigue reduction, and potential anticancer benefits may be expected, but individual responses can vary. It is not a cure-all.

Can Reishi cure cancer?

Reishi is not a cure for cancer. It may offer benefits in terms of immune function and potentially better tumor control when used alongside conventional cancer treatments.

Research Sources

https://cancerchoices.org/therapy/reishi-mushroom/how-can-reishi-mushroom-help-me/ – This source discusses how Reishi mushroom can potentially help cancer patients by improving immune function and tumor response. It highlights the importance of using Reishi as a complementary therapy alongside conventional cancer treatments.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK92757/ – This resource provides comprehensive information on Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi mushroom), covering its traditional uses, chemical composition, and potential health benefits. It emphasizes the need for further research to validate its efficacy and safety.
https://www.drugs.com/npp/reishi-mushroom.html – Drugs.com provides information on Reishi mushroom, including its uses, potential benefits, and safety considerations. It notes that while Reishi has been used traditionally for various health conditions, more research is needed to confirm its effectiveness.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34411377/ – This study investigates the effects of Ganoderma lucidum on immune function and overall health. The findings suggest potential benefits for immune modulation, but further research is recommended to confirm these effects.
https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/natural/905.html – MedlinePlus offers information on Reishi mushroom, including its uses, potential side effects, and interactions. It advises caution and consultation with a healthcare provider before using Reishi, especially for individuals with pre-existing health conditions.
– A systematic review and meta-analysis of five RCTs involving cancer patients showed greater tumor response to chemo/radiotherapy and higher markers of immune function among those treated with Reishi compared to controls. However, the quality of evidence was very low due to methodological limitations in the included studies.
– A controlled human intervention trial with 23 patients having borderline elevated blood pressure and/or cholesterol found no significant changes in body mass index, blood pressure, glycemic indices, or other parameters, except for an increase in apo-B in the placebo group. The study was limited by its small sample size and scope.
– A multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial involving patients with chronic fatigue syndrome found that Reishi reduced the sense of fatigue and lowered Clinical Global Impression severity scores compared to placebo. While the methodology was strong, more studies are needed to confirm these findings.