Get Your Personalized Supplement StackSupplement Stack Quiz

Pygeum africanum Bark Extract

Also known as: Pygeum, African plum tree bark extract, Prunus africana, Pygeum africanum

Overview

Pygeum africanum bark extract (PABE) is a herbal supplement derived from the bark of the African plum tree, primarily utilized for its beneficial effects on urologic health, particularly in managing symptoms associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). It contains a complex mixture of bioactive compounds, including phytosterols (like beta-sitosterol), pentacyclic triterpenes, and ferulic acid esters, which are believed to contribute to its therapeutic properties. PABE is commonly used to alleviate lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) such as frequent urination, nocturia (nighttime urination), weak urine flow, and incomplete bladder emptying, which are characteristic of BPH. Its mechanism of action involves anti-inflammatory, anti-androgenic, and antiproliferative effects on prostate tissue. Research on PABE is moderately mature, with several randomized controlled trials and systematic reviews supporting its efficacy and safety in men with mild to moderate BPH.

Benefits

Pygeum africanum bark extract (PABE) significantly improves urologic symptoms and urinary flow in men with symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). A systematic review of 18 studies involving 1562 participants demonstrated significant improvements in the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and quality of life (QoL) measures with PABE doses ranging from 75–200 mg/day over 15 to 120 days. These improvements are attributed to PABE's anti-inflammatory effects, which involve the inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase, and its ability to reduce prostate cell proliferation. The benefits are most pronounced in adult males experiencing mild to moderate BPH symptoms. Meta-analyses consistently report modest but statistically significant symptom improvement, with weighted mean differences in IPSS scores favoring PABE over placebo. Symptom relief is typically observed within 2 to 6 months of consistent use, indicating a gradual onset of action.

How it works

Pygeum africanum bark extract (PABE) exerts its therapeutic effects through multiple biological pathways. It demonstrates anti-androgenic activity by inhibiting androgen and progesterone receptors, which helps to reduce the proliferation of prostate cells. PABE also possesses significant anti-inflammatory properties, primarily by inhibiting the 5-lipoxygenase enzyme and modulating histamine-mediated responses in the bladder detrusor muscle, thereby reducing inflammation within the prostate. Furthermore, PABE may induce apoptosis (programmed cell death) in stromal prostate cells, potentially contributing to a reduction in prostate volume. The phytosterols and triterpenes present in the extract are key active compounds responsible for these mechanisms. Bioavailability studies confirm that major phytosterols like β-sitosterol are absorbed in humans, supporting the systemic activity of PABE.

Side effects

Pygeum africanum bark extract (PABE) is generally well-tolerated and has a favorable safety profile, as observed in numerous clinical trials. The most commonly reported side effect is mild gastrointestinal discomfort, which occurs in a small percentage of users (less than 5%). This can include symptoms such as stomach upset, nausea, or diarrhea. Uncommon or rare severe adverse events have not been reported in high-quality randomized controlled trials. No major drug interactions have been definitively identified, but caution is advised for individuals concurrently taking hormonal therapies due to PABE's potential anti-androgenic effects. While no specific contraindications are widely established, it is generally not recommended for use in women or children, as clinical studies have focused exclusively on adult males with BPH. Overall, PABE is considered safe for use within recommended dosages for the treatment of BPH symptoms, with a low incidence of adverse reactions.

Dosage

The minimum effective dose for Pygeum africanum bark extract (PABE) is approximately 75 mg per day, provided it is a standardized extract containing 12-14% phytosterols. The optimal dosage range, consistent with doses that have shown efficacy in clinical trials, is between 75 mg and 200 mg per day. There is no established maximum safe dose, but doses up to 200 mg per day have been used safely in studies. PABE should be taken orally, typically once daily. Benefits are not immediate and usually become noticeable after 2 months or longer of consistent use. For best results, it is crucial to use lipophilic extracts that are standardized for their phytosterol content, as this ensures consistent potency. The bioavailability of key compounds like β-sitosterol supports oral dosing, and no specific cofactors are required for absorption.

FAQs

Is Pygeum safe for long-term use?

Current evidence supports the safety of Pygeum for treatment durations up to 4 months. While longer-term data are limited, no major safety concerns have been reported in studies to date.

How soon can benefits be expected?

Symptom improvement with Pygeum typically occurs gradually, with noticeable benefits usually observed within 2 to 6 months of consistent daily use.

Can Pygeum replace conventional BPH medications?

Pygeum may be used as a complementary or alternative treatment for mild to moderate BPH symptoms. However, it is not a substitute for conventional medical or surgical interventions required for severe cases.

Are all Pygeum supplements equal?

No, for consistent efficacy, it is important to choose Pygeum supplements that are standardized extracts with a defined content of active compounds, particularly phytosterols.

Research Sources

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11311769/ – This systematic review of 18 randomized controlled trials (n=1562 men) found that Pygeum africanum bark extract significantly improved International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), urinary flow, and quality of life in men with BPH. The study highlighted its anti-inflammatory and anti-androgenic mechanisms and noted its good tolerability with minimal side effects.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11099686/ – This systematic review and meta-analysis confirmed modest but statistically significant improvements in urologic symptoms and flow measures with Pygeum africanum. It included multiple RCTs and emphasized the need for standardized extracts and longer-term studies due to variability in study designs.
https://www.tga.gov.au/sites/default/files/2025-06/FOI%2025-0132_0.pdf – This evaluation report confirmed the efficacy of Pygeum africanum bark extract in improving urinary frequency and symptom severity over placebo in a 3-month randomized controlled trial. It also supported the systemic activity of the extract, particularly through the bioavailability of β-sitosterol, and noted its favorable safety profile.