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Phyllanthus Niruri

Also known as: Stonebreaker, Chanca Piedra, *Phyllanthus niruri*

Overview

*Phyllanthus niruri* is a small annual herb widely found in tropical and subtropical regions. Known for its diverse pharmacological activities, this herbal supplement is predominantly used for treating kidney stones, liver conditions, and as an anti-inflammatory agent. The plant is rich in bioactive compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, and terpenoids, which contribute to its numerous health benefits. While the research support varies in quality, increasing evidence from meta-analyses and experimental studies evidences its efficacy, particularly concerning liver health and inflammation reduction.

Benefits

Research suggests multiple benefits of *P. niruri*. A significant meta-analysis demonstrated its anti-inflammatory properties, with effect sizes indicating reductions in inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6. Additionally, a study identified its hepatoprotective effects, showing protection against oxidative liver damage. While there is potential for reducing kidney stone burden, the evidence remains limited, primarily deriving from animal models rather than large-scale human trials. Thus, while notable benefits are documented, further validation in human populations is warranted.

How it works

*Phyllanthus niruri* exerts its effects primarily through the modulation of inflammatory pathways, particularly involving NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. It reduces cytokine production, impacting the body's immune response, while also offering hepatoprotection through its antioxidant activities that help mitigate oxidative stress on the liver. Specific molecular targets include inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-6. However, its absorption and bioavailability require further investigation.

Side effects

Overall, *P. niruri* is generally considered safe, although comprehensive safety data in humans are lacking. Common side effects are not well-documented, but potential gastrointestinal disturbances may occur in some individuals. Rare adverse effects have not been reported. Caution is recommended when combined with medications that impact liver function or inflammation, and it is contraindicated in pregnancy and breastfeeding due to insufficient safety data. Individuals with pre-existing liver or kidney conditions should also use this herb judiciously.

Dosage

Determining the optimal dosage for *P. niruri* is challenging as it is often used in traditional forms such as tea or capsules with no standardized dosing established. While minimum effective and maximum safe dosage ranges are undetermined, traditional practices guide consumption. Absorption factors and required cofactors remain largely unstudied, emphasizing the need for personalized approaches when considering this herbal supplement.

FAQs

What is the standard dosage for *Phyllanthus niruri*?

There is no established standardized dosage for *P. niruri*, as it varies by form and preparation.

Is *P. niruri* safe to use?

Generally considered safe, caution is advised due to limited human safety data, especially for pregnant or nursing women.

What are the main benefits of *P. niruri*?

The main benefits include anti-inflammatory effects and hepatoprotection, though further human studies are needed.

How long does it take to see results?

The time course for benefits isn’t well-documented, with most studies focusing on animal models rather than humans.

Can *P. niruri* help with kidney stones?

There is some evidence suggesting potential benefits for kidney stones, but reliable clinical data is limited.

Research Sources

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/384166137_Anti-Inflammatory_Effect_of_Phyllanthus_niruri_A_Meta-Analysis – This meta-analysis assesses the anti-inflammatory properties of *P. niruri*, indicating a significant reduction in inflammatory markers TNF-α and IL-6 based on animal study data.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17175085/ – This experimental study evaluates the hepatoprotective effects of protein isolates from *P. niruri*, showing protective qualities against oxidative damage in liver tissues across mouse models.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32333735/ – A meta-analysis examining *P. niruri*'s efficacy in reducing kidney stone burden highlights modest results yet recognizes limited clinical evidence, primarily from animal studies.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28512988/ – This study showcases the antioxidant properties of *P. niruri*, reinforcing its potential as a natural treatment for hepatic disorders.
https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/biosaintifika/article/download/10823/1490/37901 – Provides a comprehensive overview of *P. niruri*, summarizing its traditional applications and the various pharmacological benefits supported by research.