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Hops Strobile

Also known as: Hops, Hop strobile, *Humulus lupulus L.*

Overview

Hops are the female flowers (strobiles) of the *Humulus lupulus L.* plant, widely recognized for their use in beer brewing and as a herbal supplement. Rich in bioactive compounds such as 8-prenylnaringenin (8-PN), alpha acids, beta acids, and xanthohumol, hops are primarily utilized to alleviate menopausal vasomotor symptoms (VMS), anxiety, depression, and stress. Additionally, hops demonstrate notable antibacterial properties, notably against methicillin-resistant *Staphylococcus aureus* (MRSA). The phytoestrogenic activity of hops, mainly due to 8-PN, is substantially stronger compared to other herbal estrogens, making these flowers valuable in both culinary and medicinal applications. Research on hops is considerable, with robust clinical trials supporting its efficacy in treating various conditions, though long-term safety remains less explored.

Benefits

Research indicates several evidence-based benefits of hops. In treating menopausal VMS, a systematic review revealed that hop supplementation significantly decreased the frequency and intensity of hot flashes and night sweats in postmenopausal women. Furthermore, a randomized double-blind study demonstrated a substantial reduction in anxiety, depression, and stress in young adults following the intake of hops dry extracts. Additionally, hops exhibit antibacterial activity against MRSA. Populations experiencing the most significant benefits include postmenopausal women for VMS management and young adults coping with mental health challenges. Overall, the improvements in symptom severity suggest clinically relevant outcomes within a few weeks of supplementation.

How it works

Hops exert their effects primarily through phytoestrogenic mechanisms, notably via 8-PN, which binds to estrogen receptors and alleviates menopausal symptoms. The anxiolytic and antidepressant properties of hops are hypothesized to involve modulation of neurotransmitter systems within the central nervous system, although the exact pathways remain unclear. Moreover, the antibacterial effects are attributed to components like alpha acids and xanthohumol, which inhibit bacterial growth by disrupting cell membrane integrity.

Side effects

Hops are generally considered safe for short-term use among studied populations, with no commonly reported adverse effects. Uncommon side effects have not been documented in clinical trials, indicating a favorable safety profile. However, caution is advised for individuals with estrogen-sensitive conditions or those taking hormonal treatments, due to hops' phytoestrogenic properties. Limited long-term safety data exist, and the potential for hormonal interactions suggests that high doses should be approached with caution. Pregnant or breastfeeding women should avoid hops due to insufficient safety data for these demographics. Further studies would be beneficial to establish comprehensive guidelines and address potential drug interactions.

Dosage

While optimal dosages for hops supplements vary depending on the form and extract concentration, general recommendations suggest approximately 0.2 grams of dry extract daily for anxiety and depression. The specific effective dose for alleviating menopausal VMS has yet to be accurately defined but typically involves extracts featuring 8-PN. Users are advised to maintain consistent daily dosing, with no established maximum safe limits; however, high doses may warrant caution due to possible hormonal effects. Ethanol extracts are recommended for improved bioavailability, though factors such as extraction method can influence absorption rates.

FAQs

Are hops safe to use?

Hops are generally safe for short-term use, but caution is advised for individuals with estrogen-sensitive issues or those on hormonal therapies.

How should hops be taken?

Consistent daily dosing is typically suggested, with no crucial timing requirements; however, the dosage may vary based on specific health goals.

When can I expect results from hops supplementation?

Improvements in symptoms like VMS and mental health issues can often be seen within a few weeks of consistent supplementation.

Is hops a substitute for prescribed medications?

No, hops should not replace medical treatments; consult a healthcare provider for severe symptoms or pre-existing conditions.

Research Sources

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27105715/ – This systematic review and meta-analysis highlights that hops supplementation significantly reduces the frequency and intensity of menopausal VMS in postmenopausal women, indicating its potency in managing these symptoms.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28742505/ – A randomized controlled trial found that hops dry extract significantly improved anxiety, depression, and stress scores in young adults, supporting its use for mental wellness.
https://openpublishing.library.umass.edu/jmap/article/1780/galley/1738/download/ – This in vitro study demonstrates that hops extracts, specifically those made with 95% ethanol, exhibit strong antibacterial effects against MRSA, contributing to their medicinal profile.
https://www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/HumLup042017TR.pdf – This report covers the chemical composition and safety assessment of hops, affirming its general safety for short-term use, while noting potential interactions to consider.
https://www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/Humulus%20lupulus%20(hops).pdf – The document provides a comprehensive overview of hops' safety, efficacy, and pharmacology, underscoring its beneficial uses and the need for further research into long-term safety.