Acerola Fruit Juice Powder Extract
Also known as: Acerola, Barbados cherry, West Indian cherry, Malpighia emarginata
Overview
Acerola fruit juice powder extract is derived from the acerola fruit, a tropical fruit native to Central America, northern South America, Mexico, and the Caribbean. It is primarily valued for its exceptionally high vitamin C content, ranging from approximately 1500 to over 5000 mg per 100 g of fruit pulp, far exceeding that of common citrus fruits. Besides vitamin C, acerola contains other micronutrients such as beta-carotene, lutein, and various B vitamins. The extract is mainly used as a dietary supplement to prevent or treat vitamin C deficiency. It is also explored for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, with potential applications in reducing oxidative stress and modulating immune responses. Research on acerola is moderately mature, with several in vitro and animal studies and some human trials, but systematic reviews specifically on acerola supplementation in humans are limited. Acerola's natural matrix improves vitamin C absorption compared to synthetic ascorbic acid, possibly due to other fruit components facilitating uptake and reducing excretion.
Benefits
Acerola is effective in preventing and treating vitamin C deficiency due to its high ascorbic acid content. Human studies indicate that vitamin C from acerola is better absorbed than synthetic ascorbic acid, potentially due to synergistic components in the fruit matrix that enhance bioavailability. Acerola exhibits strong antioxidant effects, attributed to both vitamin C and polyphenolic compounds. This antioxidant capacity is higher than many other fruit juices, suggesting potential for reducing oxidative stress. In vitro and animal studies show that acerola extracts can reduce pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α) and increase anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10, TGF-β), indicating immunomodulatory potential. Preliminary in vitro studies suggest acerola may reduce viability of certain cancer cell lines (breast and colon), though clinical relevance is not established. Acerola supplementation may be particularly beneficial in populations at risk of vitamin C deficiency or oxidative stress-related conditions.
How it works
The primary mechanism is the provision of ascorbic acid, a potent antioxidant that scavenges free radicals and regenerates other antioxidants. Acerola’s polyphenols may synergistically enhance antioxidant defenses and modulate inflammatory signaling pathways. Vitamin C acts as a cofactor for enzymes involved in collagen synthesis, immune function, and neurotransmitter production. Polyphenols may influence cytokine production and macrophage polarization. Acerola’s natural matrix improves vitamin C absorption compared to synthetic ascorbic acid, possibly due to other fruit components facilitating uptake and reducing excretion.
Side effects
Acerola fruit and its extracts are generally considered safe when consumed in typical dietary amounts or as supplements. Rare gastrointestinal discomfort may occur with high doses of vitamin C. No significant adverse effects have been reported in controlled studies. High vitamin C intake may affect absorption or metabolism of certain drugs (e.g., chemotherapy agents), but specific interactions with acerola extract have not been well studied. Caution is advised in individuals with kidney disorders or a predisposition to kidney stones due to the high vitamin C content. Pregnant and breastfeeding women should consult healthcare providers before supplementation.
Dosage
To prevent deficiency, doses around 30-100 mg of vitamin C daily are sufficient; acerola extracts typically provide much higher amounts. Supplements often provide 100-500 mg of vitamin C per serving from acerola powder. Vitamin C doses up to 2000 mg/day are generally safe; absorption efficiency decreases at higher doses. Vitamin C is water-soluble; divided doses may improve absorption and reduce gastrointestinal side effects. Acerola fruit juice powder extract is preferred for its natural vitamin C and polyphenol content. Food matrix and dose size influence bioavailability; acerola’s natural components enhance absorption. No specific cofactors are required, but balanced nutrition supports overall antioxidant status.
FAQs
Is acerola better than synthetic vitamin C?
Evidence suggests acerola vitamin C is better absorbed due to synergistic fruit components.
Can acerola prevent colds?
No strong clinical evidence supports this use despite traditional claims.
How quickly does it work?
Vitamin C absorption is rapid, but clinical benefits depend on baseline status and dose.
Are there risks of overdose?
High doses may cause mild side effects; stay within recommended limits.
Research Sources
- https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6098779/ – This human absorption study compared acerola juice vs. synthetic ascorbic acid in healthy Japanese subjects. It found that acerola juice enhanced vitamin C absorption and retention, suggesting superior bioavailability. The study's limitations include a small sample size and a single population focus.
- https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10889565/ – This systematic review of in vitro and animal studies examined the anti-inflammatory effects of acerola. The review showed a reduction in pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress markers. However, it noted the absence of large randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in humans.
- https://www.scielo.br/j/babt/a/HYCNp6BcVnMfBdLng3yJssC/ – This systematic review focuses on acerola genetic diversity and quality traits. While not directly clinical, it highlights the variability in vitamin C content among cultivars, which is important for standardizing supplement quality. This variability needs to be considered when assessing the efficacy of acerola supplements.
- https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-608/acerola – WebMD provides general information about Acerola, including its uses, potential benefits, and safety considerations. It serves as a broad overview but lacks the depth of peer-reviewed research.
- https://www.health.com/acerola-benefits-8659950 – Health.com offers a summary of the benefits of acerola, focusing on its high vitamin C content and antioxidant properties. It is a general overview and not a primary research source.