Krebs Energy Foundation
Also known as: TCA cycle intermediates, citrate, α-ketoglutarate, malate, B vitamins, B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, magnesium, zinc, Krebs cycle support formula, mitochondrial energy complex, TCA Cycle Intermediates & B Vitamins
Overview
Krebs Energy Foundation supplements typically combine TCA cycle intermediates (citrate, α-ketoglutarate, malate) with B vitamins and minerals like magnesium and zinc, targeting enhanced mitochondrial ATP production. These blends aim to support the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, a crucial metabolic pathway for energy generation. While B vitamins have established roles in energy metabolism, the efficacy of TCA intermediates is still under investigation. Natural sources of these components include meat, leafy greens, legumes, and nuts. These supplements are primarily used for fatigue management, exercise performance enhancement, and support in metabolic disorders. Research on B vitamins is robust, while evidence for TCA intermediates is still emerging, with preclinical studies dominating the landscape.
Benefits
B vitamins demonstrate a 15-30% reduction in fatigue scores in deficiency states, supported by multiple randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Alpha-ketoglutarate (α-KG) has shown potential for tumor suppression via reactive oxygen species (ROS) modulation in preclinical studies. Citrate may support glucose metabolism, based on cell studies. Magnesium supplementation can lead to an 8-12% improvement in muscle function, as indicated by meta-analyses. While there is limited evidence for performance enhancement in athletes, these supplements may offer theoretical benefits for individuals with mitochondrial dysfunction related to metabolic disorders. Further human trials are needed to validate these benefits.
How it works
B vitamins act as cofactors for key enzymes in the TCA cycle, such as pyruvate dehydrogenase (B1) and succinate dehydrogenase (B2), facilitating energy production. Alpha-ketoglutarate (α-KG) can act as a pro-oxidant in cancer cells, potentially inducing cell death through GSDMC cleavage. B vitamins exhibit high bioavailability, ranging from 50-95%. However, TCA intermediates often have poor oral absorption unless formulated with enteric protection or phospholipid complexes. These components interact with various metabolic pathways to support cellular energy production and overall metabolic function.
Side effects
Common side effects include gastrointestinal distress, such as nausea and diarrhea, affecting 5-10% of users at high doses. Rare side effects associated with B vitamins include neuropathy, particularly with high doses of B6 (above 100mg/day). There is a theoretical risk of tumor lysis associated with α-KG, although this has not been proven in humans. B vitamins can reduce the efficacy of levodopa, a medication used to treat Parkinson's disease. Magnesium can potentiate the effects of calcium channel blockers, potentially leading to hypotension. It's important to adhere to recommended dosages to minimize the risk of adverse effects and consult with a healthcare professional before use, especially if you have pre-existing medical conditions or are taking medications.
Dosage
For B vitamins, a typical dosage range is 1-10 times the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA), such as 1.1-10mg for B1. There are no established human doses for TCA intermediates, with preclinical studies using 100-500mg/kg. Vitamin C (100mg) can enhance iron absorption when taken concurrently. Enteric-coated phospholipid complexes may improve the absorption of TCA intermediates. It is crucial to avoid excessive doses of B vitamins to prevent potential side effects like neuropathy. Consult with a healthcare provider to determine the appropriate dosage based on individual needs and health status. Timing with meals containing fats may improve the absorption of lipid-soluble components.
FAQs
Does it boost energy immediately?
No, it typically requires days to weeks for mitochondrial adaptation and noticeable effects on energy levels.
Is there a cancer risk?
Alpha-ketoglutarate (α-KG) demonstrates context-dependent effects, showing anti-tumor activity in some studies. More research is needed.
What is the best timing for taking this supplement?
It is recommended to take it with meals containing fats to enhance the absorption of lipid-soluble components.
Who should avoid taking Krebs Energy Foundation?
Individuals with kidney problems should avoid high doses of magnesium and those on levodopa should consult their doctor due to interactions with B vitamins.
Can I take this supplement if I'm pregnant or breastfeeding?
Consult with a healthcare professional before use, as the safety of TCA intermediates during pregnancy and breastfeeding is not well-established.
Research Sources
- https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/12/1/228 – This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the relationship between B vitamin status and fatigue risk. The findings indicated that deficiencies in B2 and B3 were linked to a 2-3 times higher risk of experiencing fatigue. However, the study acknowledged limitations due to heterogeneous dosing protocols across the included studies.
- https://spj.science.org/doi/10.34133/research.0351 – This preclinical review investigated the role of α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) in cancer. The study reported that α-KG led to a 50-70% tumor growth inhibition in various cancer models. The authors noted the absence of human trial data as a significant limitation, highlighting the need for further research to validate these findings in clinical settings.
- https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9871338/ – This mechanistic review explored the regulation of the TCA cycle, highlighting the possibility of non-enzymatic cycle reactions. The study primarily focused on evolutionary aspects and acknowledged limited clinical relevance. The research provides insights into the fundamental mechanisms of the TCA cycle but requires further investigation to determine its direct implications for human health and disease.
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20965146/ – This study investigates the effect of citrate on glucose metabolism. The research suggests a potential role for citrate in supporting glucose metabolism at the cellular level. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings and explore their implications for human health.
- https://www.nordicure.fi/atp-fuel-gmo-free- – This source discusses the use of enteric-coated phospholipid complexes to improve the absorption of supplements. It highlights the importance of proper formulation to enhance the bioavailability of nutrients. This information is relevant to the absorption of TCA intermediates, which often have poor oral bioavailability without enteric protection.
Recommended Articles
Glutamine Dosage for Gut Health: A Guide
Glutamine supports gut health with a recommended dosage of 5-30 grams per day, available in various supplement forms.
Immune Supplements & Pregnancy Safety 2025
The safety of immune-boosting supplements during pregnancy in 2025 hinges on supplement type, dosage, and health conditions.
Top Men's Vitality Supplements & Ingredients
Vitamin D, Zinc, Magnesium, and L-arginine are crucial for men's vitality, supported by scientific evidence.
Maintain Muscle Mass with Age: Key Ingredients
Adequate protein, Vitamin D, Omega-3, and the Mediterranean diet are vital for maintaining muscle mass in the elderly.