Goji Std. Ext.
Also known as: Goji berry, wolfberry, Goji Std. Ext., Lycium barbarum
Overview
Goji Std. Ext. is a standardized extract derived from the fruits of *Lycium barbarum*, commonly known as goji berries or wolfberries. These berries are indigenous to Asia and have a long history of use in traditional Chinese medicine. The extract is characterized by its rich composition of bioactive compounds, including polysaccharides, carotenoids, flavonoids, and various vitamins. It is primarily utilized for its antioxidant properties, immune-modulating effects, potential cognitive enhancement, and benefits for eye health and metabolic parameters. While research maturity is moderate, with several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and some systematic reviews available, there is variability in study quality and endpoints. The overall evidence quality for standardized goji extracts ranges from low to moderate, with a need for more large-scale meta-analyses specifically on these preparations.
Benefits
Goji Std. Ext. offers several evidence-based benefits. A systematic review of berry intake, including goji, indicated potential cognitive benefits in adults without cognitive impairment, with included RCTs showing a low to moderate risk of bias. For immune function, RCTs have demonstrated significant increases in lymphocytes, IL-2, and IgG levels after 30 days of goji supplementation in older adults, suggesting immune-enhancing effects. General well-being improvements, such as increased energy, better sleep quality, enhanced mental focus, and reduced fatigue and stress, were observed in a 14-day RCT involving healthy adults. Goji berry intake has also been shown to increase macular pigment optical density (MPOD), which is relevant for the prevention of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). While some clinical studies suggest metabolic effects, such as increased energy expenditure and anthropometric changes, these often involve goji as part of a multi-ingredient system, and the isolated effects of goji extract require further confirmation.
How it works
The beneficial effects of Goji Std. Ext. are primarily attributed to its rich content of goji polysaccharides and carotenoids, which function as potent antioxidants. These compounds effectively scavenge free radicals, thereby reducing oxidative stress throughout the body. The extract modulates immune responses by enhancing cytokine production, such as interleukin-2 (IL-2), and stimulating lymphocyte activity. Neuroprotective effects may be mediated through anti-inflammatory pathways and improvements in microcirculation. Carotenoids, particularly zeaxanthin, are known to accumulate in the retina, contributing to the extract's support for eye health. The bioavailability and consistent delivery of active compounds are ensured through standardization, which targets specific concentrations of key constituents like polysaccharides.
Side effects
Goji berry extracts are generally considered safe, with no serious adverse events reported in clinical trials. Mild gastrointestinal discomfort is a rare but possible side effect. There have been anecdotal reports of potential interactions with anticoagulant medications, such as warfarin, but robust clinical evidence to support these claims is lacking. Contraindications include individuals with allergies to plants in the nightshade family (Solanaceae). Caution is advised for patients taking immunosuppressants, as goji may enhance immune function. For special populations, such as pregnant or breastfeeding women, there is insufficient safety data, and use should be avoided or undertaken with medical supervision. Overall, the safety profile is favorable for short- to medium-term use within recommended dosages.
Dosage
Effective dosages of Goji Std. Ext. in clinical trials typically range from 1200 mg to 3000 mg per day. This daily dose is often divided and taken throughout the day. The duration of supplementation required to observe measurable effects in studies varies from 14 days for general well-being improvements to 90 days for more significant immune or eye health benefits. The timing of intake is flexible, as absorption does not appear to be significantly affected by food. Standardization is a key factor, with many extracts targeting a specific percentage of active compounds, such as 30% polysaccharides, to ensure consistent potency and efficacy. It is important to adhere to product-specific recommendations and consult a healthcare professional for personalized advice.
FAQs
Is goji extract safe for long-term use?
While limited long-term data exist, short- to medium-term use (up to 3 months) of goji extract appears safe based on current research, with minimal reported side effects.
How soon do benefits appear?
Some benefits, such as improved energy, sleep quality, and immune markers, can begin to appear within 2 to 4 weeks of consistent supplementation.
Does it aid weight loss?
Evidence for direct weight loss benefits is inconclusive. Goji may indirectly support metabolic health, but it is not a primary weight loss supplement.
Can it replace other antioxidants?
Goji extract can complement a diet rich in diverse antioxidants but should not be considered a replacement for a balanced diet and other antioxidant sources.
Are there any drug interactions?
Anecdotal reports suggest potential interactions with anticoagulants like warfarin, though strong clinical evidence is lacking. Consult a doctor if on medication.
Research Sources
- https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9321916/ – This systematic review of 12 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigated the effects of berry intake, including goji, on cognitive function in adults without cognitive impairment. It found potential cognitive benefits with a low to moderate risk of bias in the included studies, highlighting the heterogeneity in berry types and outcomes.
- https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A101070/101070.pdf – This narrative review summarizes various health benefits of *Lycium barbarum* (goji berry), drawing from multiple RCTs. It highlights improvements in immune markers, energy levels, sleep quality, and eye health observed in studies ranging from 14 to 90 days, while noting limitations such as small sample sizes in some trials.
- https://ffhdj.com/index.php/ffhd/article/download/106/218/134 – This double-blind, placebo-controlled RCT investigated the TAIslim System, a multi-ingredient product including goji, in 67 overweight adults over 12 weeks. It reported an increase in energy expenditure, but the specific effects of isolated goji extract were unclear due to the combination product and small subgroup analysis for energy expenditure.
