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Tribulus Powder

Also known as: Tribulus terrestris L., Tribulus, Puncture vine, Goat's head, Tribulus terrestris

Overview

Tribulus terrestris is an herbal supplement derived from a plant in the Zygophyllaceae family. Historically used in traditional medicine as a diuretic, tonic, and aphrodisiac, it is now commonly consumed in powder or extract form. It is marketed to athletes and individuals seeking to enhance sexual function or testosterone levels. While widely promoted, scientific evidence supporting its efficacy remains mixed and somewhat limited. Research includes randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and systematic reviews, but meta-analyses are constrained by study heterogeneity. Overall, the quality of evidence is low to moderate, with some promising but inconclusive findings on sexual function and sperm parameters, and little support for testosterone enhancement in humans. Active compounds include steroidal saponins, such as protodioscin.

Benefits

Research suggests that Tribulus terrestris may offer modest improvements in sexual function and sperm parameters. Systematic reviews indicate potential benefits for erectile function and female sexual dysfunction, although the certainty of evidence is low due to small sample sizes and study heterogeneity. Meta-analyses suggest that TT supplementation may improve sperm count, motility, and viability, indicating potential benefits for male fertility. However, multiple RCTs and a systematic review indicate that Tribulus terrestris does not significantly increase serum testosterone levels in healthy men when used alone. Some increases were noted only when TT was combined with other supplements or in specific populations, such as premenopausal women.

How it works

The primary hypothesized mechanism of action for Tribulus terrestris is the enhancement of nitric oxide (NO) release, leading to vasodilation and improved blood flow. This may explain improvements in erectile function independent of testosterone levels. There is no consistent evidence to support direct stimulation of testosterone synthesis in humans. Active compounds, including steroidal saponins like protodioscin, may influence reproductive physiology. Absorption and bioavailability data are limited, but typical oral dosing is used in studies.

Side effects

Tribulus terrestris is generally well-tolerated, with no serious adverse events reported in clinical trials. Common side effects (>5%) are not well documented, but mild gastrointestinal discomfort has been occasionally reported. No significant drug interactions or contraindications have been firmly established. However, safety in special populations, such as pregnant, breastfeeding, and children, is not well-studied and should be approached cautiously. Individuals with hormone-sensitive conditions should also exercise caution due to the potential for hormonal effects.

Dosage

Effective doses of Tribulus terrestris in studies vary widely, typically ranging from 250 mg to 1500 mg daily of extract or powder. Optimal dosing is unclear due to heterogeneity in formulations and study designs. A duration of 1-3 months is common in trials showing benefits. There is no established maximum safe dose, but higher doses have not demonstrated increased efficacy. No specific cofactors required for absorption have been reported. It is advisable to start with a lower dose and gradually increase it while monitoring for any adverse effects.

FAQs

Does Tribulus terrestris increase testosterone?

Current evidence indicates that Tribulus terrestris does not significantly increase testosterone levels in healthy men when taken alone. Some studies have shown increases when combined with other supplements or in specific populations.

Is it effective for sexual dysfunction?

There is some evidence for modest improvement in sexual function scores, but the certainty is low, and effects may be population-specific. More research is needed to confirm these findings.

How long does it take to see effects?

Benefits on sexual function or sperm parameters typically appear after 1-3 months of supplementation. Consistency in dosage is important for observing potential effects.

Is it safe?

Tribulus terrestris is generally safe, with no serious adverse effects reported in clinical trials. Mild gastrointestinal discomfort has been reported occasionally.

Can it improve fertility?

Some evidence suggests improvement in sperm quality, but more research is needed to confirm these findings. Consult with a healthcare professional for personalized advice.

Research Sources

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24559105/ – This systematic review included 11 RCTs and animal studies and found no consistent evidence that Tribulus terrestris increases testosterone in humans, although animal studies showed some effect. It suggested NO-mediated vasodilation as a possible mechanism for physiological effects. The review was limited by variable dosages, small sample sizes, and combined supplement use in some studies.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40219032/ – This systematic review evaluated the effects of TT supplementation on sexual function and testosterone in men. It found modest improvements in erectile function but no significant increase in testosterone levels. The review was limited by a small number of high-quality RCTs and heterogeneity in outcome measures.
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1155/2023/7118431 – This meta-analysis demonstrated statistically significant improvements in sperm count, motility, and viability after TT supplementation, suggesting potential fertility benefits. The analysis was limited by the number of RCTs and some with small sample sizes. These findings suggest a potential benefit for male fertility.
https://www.scielo.br/j/rbgo/a/j9q637hwJbhZDWPb8syg83w/ – This systematic review of five RCTs (n=279) showed very low-certainty evidence for improved sexual function and increased testosterone in premenopausal women after TT supplementation. No serious adverse events were reported. The review was limited by small sample sizes, clinical heterogeneity, and low evidence certainty.
https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/17/7/1275 – This review discusses the potential benefits of Tribulus terrestris, including its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. It also highlights its traditional use as an aphrodisiac and its potential role in improving sexual function. The review emphasizes the need for further research to fully understand its mechanisms of action and clinical applications.