SPECTRUM GRAPE extract
Also known as: Grape seed extract, Grape extract, GSE, Vitis vinifera
Overview
Grape seed extract (GSE) is derived from the seeds of the grapevine Vitis vinifera, known for its high concentration of polyphenols, especially flavonoids and phenolic acids. It is frequently utilized as a dietary supplement due to its potent antioxidant effects and potential cardiovascular benefits, which are subjects of numerous research studies. While some research indicates significant health benefits associated with GSE, such as lowering blood pressure and cholesterol levels, results can be mixed, emphasizing the need for further investigation. GSE is typically available in capsule or tablet form and is commonly used for health maintenance and disease prevention, particularly in the context of cardiovascular health.
Benefits
Research highlights several notable benefits of GSE supplementation. It significantly lowers diastolic blood pressure by approximately 2.20 mmHg and heart rate by 1.25 bpm. Additionally, it decreases LDL-cholesterol levels by about 0.17 mmol/L and triglycerides by 0.11 mmol/L. Secondary effects include the modulation of oxidative stress and inflammation; GSE may lower markers such as malondialdehyde and C-reactive protein. These benefits appear particularly significant for individuals with cardiovascular risk factors and conditions characterized by oxidative stress.
How it works
The mechanism of action for GSE is primarily linked to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The polyphenols in GSE can reduce oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation, modulating vascular function and influencing inflammatory pathways in the body. GSE polyphenols are absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract and metabolized by gut microbiota, contributing to their bioactivity and interaction with bodily systems.
Side effects
GSE is generally regarded as safe at recommended dosages; however, some individuals may experience gastrointestinal upset, including nausea and diarrhea. Rarely, allergic reactions can occur. There are potential drug interactions with medications such as blood thinners, diabetes medications, and antihypertensives, which could enhance the effects of these drugs. Pregnant and breastfeeding women should consult a healthcare provider prior to GSE use. Caution is advised for individuals with bleeding disorders or those scheduled for surgery, as GSE may influence bleeding risk.
Dosage
The commonly recommended dosage for grape seed extract typically ranges from 100 to 300 mg daily. For cardiovascular benefits, an optimal dosage between 300 and 600 mg per day is suggested based on research outcomes. Dosages exceeding 1,000 mg per day have not been widely studied, so upper limits for safe consumption are not clearly established. It is advised to take GSE with meals to minimize gastrointestinal discomfort, with capsule and tablet forms being the most prevalent.
FAQs
How should GSE be taken?
GSE can be taken daily with meals to minimize side effects.
Is GSE safe for everyone?
Consult a healthcare provider if you have underlying health conditions or are taking medications.
When can I expect to see benefits from GSE?
It may take several weeks to notice cardiovascular benefits from GSE supplementation.
Can GSE replace my medication?
GSE is not a substitute for medical treatment; use it under healthcare supervision.
Research Sources
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34798267/ – A systematic review and meta-analysis of 19 trials illustrating that GSE significantly lowers diastolic blood pressure and heart rate but shows no significant effect on systolic blood pressure or flow-mediated dilation. The study faced limitations due to high heterogeneity among included studies.
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34107109/ – This systematic review analyzed 23 studies, concluding that GSE reduces oxidative stress markers and may marginally increase total antioxidant capacity, despite inconsistent effects on inflammation markers.
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32138795/ – A systematic review of 11 trials highlighting that GSE supplementation significantly reduces LDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels, although no significant changes were noted in total or HDL cholesterol. The studies had varying sample sizes which limited the overall assessment quality.
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32921322/ – Exploration of various effects of GSE on health, noting potential cardiovascular and anti-inflammatory benefits, but recommending further studies to clarify these associations.
- https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/2/654 – This article extensively reviews the role of grape seed extract in dietary supplements, emphasizing its antioxidant properties and potential health benefits, while suggesting the need for standardized dosing and quality control in studies.
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