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Slippery Elm Bark Extract

Also known as: Ulmus rubra, Slippery elm, Red elm

Overview

Slippery elm, scientifically known as *Ulmus rubra*, is a herbal supplement derived from the inner bark of the slippery elm tree, native to Eastern and Central North America and Canada. The inner bark is characterized by its mucilaginous properties, which create a slippery texture when mixed with water. It is traditionally used to soothe sore throats, coughs, and gastrointestinal issues like constipation, acid reflux, and stomach ulcers. Additionally, it is applied topically for skin disorders and wound healing. The inner bark contains mucilages, tannins, and resins, contributing to its demulcent and astringent effects. Research on slippery elm is limited, with most evidence being anecdotal or from small-scale studies. More robust clinical trials are needed to validate its effectiveness for various claimed uses.

Benefits

The benefits of slippery elm are primarily related to its demulcent properties, which can soothe irritated mucous membranes. A pilot study showed a perceived soothing effect on the throat, though the study had limitations. Some evidence suggests it may help with gastrointestinal issues, but this is largely based on traditional use and small-scale studies. A small, uncontrolled pilot study on female patients with constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-C) showed improvements in bowel movements, stool consistency, and abdominal pain when slippery elm was used with other herbs. However, the effect sizes and clinical significance are difficult to determine due to the limited research and small sample sizes.

How it works

Slippery elm primarily works by stimulating mucous and saliva secretion, which helps to soothe and protect mucosal surfaces in the throat and gastrointestinal tract. The mucilages in slippery elm form a protective barrier on these surfaces, reducing inflammation and irritation. While the exact molecular targets are not well-defined, the mucilages, tannins, and resins in the inner bark are believed to play key roles in its demulcent and anti-inflammatory actions. Limited information is available on the absorption and bioavailability of slippery elm when ingested orally.

Side effects

Slippery elm is generally recognized as safe, with no reported significant adverse events in the literature. Common side effects from oral ingestion are not well-documented. However, topical application may cause allergic reactions and skin irritation in some individuals. Rare instances of cutaneous allergic symptoms have been reported. There is limited reliable data on drug interactions associated with slippery elm. Pregnant or potentially pregnant women should use caution due to potential abortive effects, although this is not well-documented. The safety and efficacy in special populations such as children and the elderly are not well-studied. It is important to consult with a healthcare provider before using slippery elm, especially if you have underlying health conditions or are taking other medications.

Dosage

Due to the lack of empirical research, there is no established minimum effective dose or optimal dosage range for slippery elm. Traditional dosages include using one part bark to eight parts water as a decoction or taking it in capsule form, but these are not based on scientific evidence. There is no established maximum safe dose. It can be used as a decoction, tea, capsule, or topical preparation, but the efficacy of these forms is not well-studied. The absorption of slippery elm is not well-understood. It is advisable to start with a low dose and monitor for any adverse effects. Consult with a healthcare provider for personalized dosage recommendations.

FAQs

Is slippery elm safe to use?

Slippery elm is generally considered safe, but scientific evidence supporting its use is limited. Consult a healthcare provider before use, especially if pregnant or on medication.

When is the best time to take slippery elm?

It can be taken as needed for soothing effects, but the optimal timing is not established. Some take it before meals to coat the stomach, while others use it at the first sign of a sore throat.

What results can I expect from using slippery elm?

Users may experience a soothing effect on the throat and gastrointestinal tract. The magnitude and duration of these effects are not well-documented, and individual results may vary.

Is slippery elm proven to be effective for various conditions?

It is often assumed to be effective based on traditional use, but there is a lack of robust scientific evidence to support these claims. More research is needed.

Research Sources

https://www.ajpbp.com/ajpbp-articles/slippery-elm-its-biochemistry-and-use-as-a-complementary-and-alternative-treatment-for-laryngeal-irritation.pdf – This pilot study examined the soothing effect of slippery elm decoction on the throat in 24 graduate speech-language pathology students. The study found that slippery elm provided a perceived soothing effect compared to a control group, but it was limited by its small sample size and single-blind design.
https://www.herbco.com/c-242-slippery-elm-bark.aspx – This resource provides general information about slippery elm bark, including its traditional uses and properties. It highlights the mucilaginous nature of the bark and its use in soothing irritated tissues. However, it does not provide specific research findings or clinical evidence.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK599741/ – This entry from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) provides an overview of herbal medicine, including information on the regulation and safety of herbal products. While it may not focus specifically on slippery elm, it offers valuable context on the broader use and evaluation of herbal supplements.
https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-978/slippery-elm – This WebMD page provides general information about slippery elm, including its uses, potential side effects, and interactions. It serves as a consumer-oriented resource, but it is important to verify the information with more reliable scientific sources.
https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/15/19/4216 – This open-label, uncontrolled pilot study investigated the effects of slippery elm in combination with other herbs on 8 female patients with IBS-C. The study reported significant improvements in bowel movements, stool consistency, and abdominal pain, but it was limited by its small sample size and lack of a control group.