Proprietary Extract From Phellodendron
Also known as: Amur cork tree, Huang Bai, *Phellodendron amurense*
Overview
Phellodendron amurense is a tree native to East Asia, known for its bark, which is used in traditional Chinese medicine. The bark extract is rich in bioactive compounds, particularly isoquinoline alkaloids such as berberine, a primary active agent. The extract has been praised for its anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anticancer properties, often employed to enhance joint and gastrointestinal health. Research on its effectiveness ranges from in vitro studies to some clinical trials, which mostly conclude moderate efficacy in specific health outcomes. The extract’s medicinal applications and adaptogen-like qualities have gained attention due to data supporting its health benefits, particularly for osteoarthritis and cancer cell proliferation. Standard forms of the extract include capsules and tablets, often enhanced for bioavailability.
Benefits
Evidence supports several notable benefits of Phellodendron amurense extract, particularly concerning joint health and cancer. A double-blind, placebo-controlled study demonstrated significant improvements in joint health among osteoarthritis patients, with reductions in Lequesne Algofunctional Index (LAI) scores and inflammatory markers (CRP levels). The gastroprotective effects are attributed to its alkaloid content, showing protection against gastric ulcers in preclinical studies. Additionally, the extract exhibits anti-cancer properties, inhibiting various cancer cells through mechanisms including apoptosis induction and cell cycle arrest. Notably, osteoarthritis patients, regardless of weight, notably benefit from this supplement, with observable improvements typically within an 8-week treatment period.
How it works
The extract, particularly its berberine content, operates through multiple biological pathways, using mechanisms such as inhibiting cell migration and invasion, inducing apoptosis, and causing cell cycle arrest. This affects several signaling pathways, including those related to inflammation and immunity. In the body, it interacts mainly with the immune and gastrointestinal systems, influencing both inflammatory responses and cellular proliferation. However, it has low bioavailability due to first-pass metabolism, which can be improved with advanced formulations.
Side effects
Phellodendron amurense is generally deemed safe, but side effects, particularly gastrointestinal issues such as diarrhea, constipation, and abdominal pain, have been reported in over 5% of users. Rare allergic reactions and interactions with medications pose additional risks, especially for patients on blood thinners or certain diabetes medications, due to the extract's effect on CYP enzymes. Although the long-term safety profile is not well-established, caution is advised for pregnant or breastfeeding individuals and those with severe gastrointestinal issues. Special populations, including children and the elderly, have limited research around safety and efficacy, necessitating careful consideration when recommending this supplement.
Dosage
Clinical studies have typically used dosages between 740 mg to 1480 mg per day, with administration divided into two or three doses for optimal patient engagement. While research has not established a definitive minimum effective dose, the aforementioned ranges are common. For the best therapeutic outcomes, especially for joint health, the extract may be taken before meals or as directed by health professionals. There are no well-documented maximum safe doses, but high dosages (over 1480 mg/day) should be approached with caution due to a lack of extensive data on their effects and safety.
FAQs
Is Phellodendron amurense safe to use?
Yes, it is generally safe when used appropriately, but monitor for gastrointestinal side effects and potential interactions with medications.
How should I take Phellodendron amurense?
It is often taken twice daily, ideally before meals, but consult a healthcare provider for personalized guidance.
When will I see results?
Many users report improvements, especially in joint health, within approximately 8 weeks of consistent use.
Is it a cure for osteoarthritis?
While beneficial, it is not a cure-all and should be used under the guidance of a healthcare professional.
Research Sources
- https://www.researchgate.net/publication/26743585_Phellodendron_and_Citrus_extracts_benefit_joint_health_in_osteoarthritis_patients_A_pilot_double-blind_placebo-controlled_study – This pilot study showed significant benefits of a proprietary extract from Phellodendron in reducing joint pain and inflammation in osteoarthritis patients, highlighting the extract's potential efficacy for improving LAI scores and lowering CRP levels over an 8-week period.
- https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/12/6/1339 – This article discusses the antiproliferative effects of Phellodendron amurense, noting its capacity to inhibit various cancer cell lines and induce cell cycle arrest, although human clinical data is limited.
- https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/12/5/767 – Safety studies conducted on Rattus norvegicus indicated no serious adverse events with Phellodendron amurense, suggesting short-term safety, yet caution is warranted given that it is limited to animal studies.
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19682376/ – This study provides insights into the antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties of berberine, a key component of Phellodendron amurense, emphasizing its relevance in therapeutic potentials.