Polypodium Vulgare Extract
Also known as: Polypodium vulgare, Common polypody, Rock polypody, Bisfail
Overview
Polypodium vulgare, commonly known as common polypody or rock polypody, is a fern native to Europe, Asia, and North America. The rhizome of this fern has been traditionally used in medicine for its various therapeutic properties. The hydroalcoholic extract of Polypodium vulgare contains bioactive compounds such as polyphenols, saponins, and flavonoids, which are believed to contribute to its effects. Primary applications include its use as an antiepileptic, analgesic, antipyretic, antiviral, and neuro-psychopharmacological agent. Research, primarily in animal models, suggests that Polypodium vulgare possesses neuroprotective and anticonvulsant properties. The quality of available evidence is moderate, with most robust data derived from animal studies and traditional medicine reviews. Human trials are limited, necessitating further research to validate its efficacy and safety in humans. It is also known as Bisfail in Unani medicine.
Benefits
The primary benefit of Polypodium vulgare extract, based on animal studies, is its anticonvulsant activity. In rodent models of epilepsy, a hydroalcoholic extract at 300 mg/kg significantly delayed seizure onset and reduced seizure severity (p < 0.05). Secondary benefits reported in traditional and modern pharmacological studies include analgesic, antipyretic, antiviral, and hypotensive activities. However, these benefits are supported by weaker evidence. There is currently no robust human data to support these benefits, and the clinical significance of the animal findings remains uncertain. More research is needed to determine the efficacy and safety of Polypodium vulgare in human populations.
How it works
Polypodium vulgare is believed to exert its effects through several biological pathways. The primary mechanism of action appears to involve the modulation of GABAergic neurotransmission, which is crucial for inhibiting neuronal excitability. Additionally, the extract may reduce oxidative stress and exert anti-inflammatory effects, contributing to its neuroprotective properties. It interacts with the central nervous system, potentially offering neuroprotective and anticonvulsant benefits. It may also affect the immune system through its anti-inflammatory actions and the cardiovascular system through hypotensive effects. While specific molecular targets are not fully elucidated, indirect evidence suggests interactions with GABA receptors, oxidative stress markers, and inflammatory cytokines.
Side effects
Polypodium vulgare is generally considered safe based on traditional use and limited animal studies. However, due to the lack of extensive human trials, the full spectrum of potential side effects is not well-defined. No common, uncommon, or rare side effects have been reported in available studies. There is a theoretical risk of interaction with CNS depressants due to its potential GABAergic activity. Caution is advised during pregnancy and lactation due to the absence of safety data in these populations. No human safety data exists for children, the elderly, or individuals with chronic diseases. Further research is needed to comprehensively assess the safety profile of Polypodium vulgare in diverse populations.
Dosage
In animal studies, the minimum effective dose of Polypodium vulgare extract was observed at 150 mg/kg, with an optimal anticonvulsant effect at 300 mg/kg. The maximum safe dose in animals was not determined, but no toxicity was reported at doses up to 500 mg/kg. Human equivalent doses have not been established, and therefore, specific dosage recommendations for humans cannot be provided. The hydroalcoholic extract is the most studied form. Oral and intraperitoneal routes have been used in animal studies, but human absorption is unknown. Due to the lack of human data, it is essential to consult with a healthcare professional before using Polypodium vulgare.
FAQs
Is Polypodium vulgare safe for human consumption?
Animal studies suggest it is relatively safe, but human data is lacking. Consult a healthcare professional before use, especially if pregnant, breastfeeding, or taking other medications.
What are the expected benefits of Polypodium vulgare?
Animal models show potential for reducing seizure severity and delaying onset. However, human outcomes are unknown, and it should not replace standard anticonvulsant medications without medical advice.
How should Polypodium vulgare be administered?
Animal studies used acute administration. Chronic use has not been studied. Human absorption is unknown. Consult a healthcare provider for guidance on appropriate use.
Can Polypodium vulgare interact with other medications?
There is a theoretical risk of interaction with CNS depressants due to its potential GABAergic activity. Discuss all medications with a healthcare provider before using Polypodium vulgare.
Research Sources
- https://archepilepsy.org/pdf/90a4190a-90d9-41a4-a9c9-d78d3fa8efda/articles/ArchEpilepsy.2024.24134/104-109.pdf – This animal study investigated the anticonvulsant effects of Polypodium vulgare extract in rats. The study found that a hydroalcoholic extract at 300 mg/kg significantly delayed seizure onset and reduced severity in pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced epilepsy, suggesting a potential therapeutic role in managing seizures.
- https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1155/2022/3599246 – This systematic review examined the use of herbal medicine for premenstrual syndrome (PMS). While not specific to Polypodium vulgare, the review highlights the need for more rigorous randomized controlled trials in herbal medicine research, emphasizing the importance of high-quality evidence to support clinical applications.
- https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/98ac/8669a82e3ab1aaa29202413c0988f9f908fd.pdf – This ethnopharmacological review explores the traditional and modern pharmacological uses of Polypodium vulgare. It confirms the plant's antiepileptic, analgesic, antipyretic, antiviral, and neuro-psychopharmacological activities, providing a comprehensive overview of its historical and contemporary applications in medicine.
- https://ouci.dntb.gov.ua/en/works/4wgmeRG4/ – This research explores the neuroprotective properties of Polypodium vulgare, focusing on its potential to mitigate neuronal damage and enhance cognitive function. The study suggests that the extract's antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compounds contribute to its neuroprotective effects, making it a promising candidate for neurological health interventions.
- https://bi.tbzmed.ac.ir/PDF/bi-15-30532.pdf – This study investigates the anti-inflammatory effects of Polypodium vulgare, examining its ability to modulate inflammatory pathways and reduce the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The findings indicate that the extract's bioactive compounds possess significant anti-inflammatory properties, potentially beneficial in managing inflammatory conditions.
Supplements Containing Polypodium Vulgare Extract
Horny Goat Weed Complex
The Vitamin Shoppe
Horny Goat Weed Complex
The Vitamin Shoppe
HORNY GOAT WEED MAX
PUREFLOW NUTRITION
Horny Goat Weed 9X
EPN Supplements
HORNY GOAT WEED 9X
BIOTRUTH Health
SEMEN VOLUME BOOSTER
DOC V CHOICE
MALE VOLUME BOOST
BIOBOOST® Naturals
Testo Biogen
TESTO BIOGEN