Picao Preto
Also known as: Picao Preto, Pine Bark Extract (PBE), Pycnogenol, Pinus pinaster bark extract
Overview
Picao Preto, scientifically known as *Pinus pinaster* bark extract, is a standardized botanical extract derived from the bark of the French maritime pine tree. It is rich in potent antioxidant compounds, including procyanidins, bioflavonoids, and phenolic acids. Primarily utilized as a dietary supplement, Picao Preto is recognized for its significant role in supporting cardiovascular health, managing metabolic syndrome, and providing robust antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Research indicates its potential to modulate oxidative stress and inflammation, making it a valuable adjunct in health management. The extract is harvested from pine trees native to the Mediterranean region and is classified as a polyphenol-rich supplement. Its efficacy is supported by a growing body of research, including multiple randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses, positioning it as a moderately to well-researched natural health product.
Benefits
Picao Preto offers several evidence-based benefits, particularly for cardiometabolic health. Meta-analyses, such as that by Mohammadi et al. (2025), indicate statistically significant reductions in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood sugar (FBS), HbA1c, and LDL cholesterol levels. Some studies also report a decrease in body weight. These effects are particularly beneficial for individuals with metabolic syndrome or those at risk of cardiovascular disease. Beyond cardiometabolic improvements, Picao Preto exhibits strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, reducing markers of oxidative stress. Animal models suggest potential hepatoprotective effects, though more human research is needed. The benefits typically manifest over weeks to months of consistent supplementation, with effect sizes varying but generally showing clinical significance in improving key health markers.
How it works
Picao Preto exerts its therapeutic effects primarily through its potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Its active compounds, including procyanidins and bioflavonoids, scavenge free radicals, thereby reducing oxidative stress. It also modulates endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), leading to improved vascular function and blood pressure regulation. The extract's anti-inflammatory actions involve the downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-6. These mechanisms collectively contribute to its beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system by enhancing endothelial function and blood flow, and on the metabolic system by improving glucose and lipid metabolism. The polyphenolic compounds are absorbed and metabolized, with their metabolites circulating systemically to interact with various molecular targets.
Side effects
Picao Preto is generally considered safe with a low incidence of adverse effects. The most common side effects, reported in over 5% of users, include mild gastrointestinal discomfort. Less common side effects, occurring in 1-5% of individuals, may include headache and dizziness. Allergic reactions are rare, affecting less than 1% of users. Caution is advised regarding potential drug interactions, particularly with anticoagulants like warfarin, due to Picao Preto's mild antiplatelet effects, which could increase the risk of bleeding. Individuals with a known allergy to pine bark or related compounds should avoid its use. The safety of Picao Preto during pregnancy and lactation has not been well established, therefore, its use in these populations is not recommended without medical supervision. Overall, while generally well-tolerated, it is important to be aware of these potential side effects and interactions.
Dosage
The recommended dosage for Picao Preto, typically a standardized extract, commonly ranges from 100 mg to 200 mg per day. Studies have shown efficacy with doses as low as 50 mg daily, while clinical trials have reported doses up to 300 mg per day as safe. To optimize absorption, it is generally recommended to administer the supplement once or twice daily, preferably with meals. Standardized extract formulations are preferred to ensure consistent potency and efficacy. There are no specific cofactors required for its absorption or activity. The duration of supplementation to observe benefits typically ranges from several weeks to a few months, depending on the desired outcome. It is important not to exceed the maximum safe dose, and individuals should consult with a healthcare professional for personalized dosage recommendations, especially if they have underlying health conditions or are taking other medications.
FAQs
Is Picao Preto safe for long-term use?
Current evidence suggests Picao Preto is safe for use up to several months. However, long-term safety data beyond this period are limited, and ongoing research is needed to confirm extended safety.
How soon can benefits be expected?
Some cardiovascular and metabolic improvements, such as changes in blood pressure or blood sugar, may be observed within 4 to 12 weeks of consistent supplementation.
Can it replace medications for hypertension or diabetes?
No, Picao Preto should be considered an adjunctive therapy to standard medical treatments for hypertension or diabetes, not a replacement. Always consult your doctor before making changes to your medication regimen.
Are there any dietary restrictions?
There are no specific dietary restrictions. However, due to potential antiplatelet effects, avoid concurrent use with blood thinners unless under strict medical supervision.
Research Sources
- https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/11/24/3481 – This review focuses on the hepatoprotective activity of Brazilian native flora, including phenolic-rich extracts. It supports the antioxidant mechanism of action for similar plant extracts, suggesting potential liver protective benefits, although the direct relevance to *Pinus pinaster* extract is indirect and based mostly on animal studies.
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39987124/ – This systematic review and meta-analysis by Mohammadi et al. (2025) found significant reductions in body weight, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood sugar, LDL cholesterol, and HbA1c with pine bark extract supplementation across multiple randomized controlled trials. It highlights the extract's potential for cardiometabolic health, despite acknowledging heterogeneity among studies.
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31585179/ – Malekahmadi et al. (2019) conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis on Pycnogenol supplementation and cardiometabolic health. Their findings indicated that Pycnogenol improved blood pressure and lipid profiles, suggesting its role in the prevention and management of cardiometabolic diseases. The study noted variability in dosage and study design as limitations.
