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Phyllanthus Amarus Extract

Also known as: Phyllanthus amarus, Bhui Korma, Sleeping Plant

Overview

Phyllanthus amarus is a small medicinal herb from the Euphorbiaceae family, traditionally used in various cultures for its therapeutic properties. It is rich in phytochemicals, including alkaloids, flavonoids, lignans, tannins, and phenolic compounds, contributing to its diverse pharmacological effects. Traditional uses include treating digestive issues, jaundice, and renal calculus. Research suggests that Phyllanthus amarus possesses antiviral, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. Studies range from in vitro and in vivo models to limited clinical trials, indicating a moderate level of research maturity. While generally considered safe based on traditional use, high doses may pose risks, particularly to the kidneys. Further high-quality clinical trials are needed to validate its efficacy and safety.

Benefits

Phyllanthus amarus exhibits several potential health benefits supported by varying degrees of evidence. Studies suggest antioxidant and anti-nociceptive effects, with one randomized crossover trial indicating reduced oxidative stress and muscle soreness after exercise in men. In vitro studies demonstrate enzyme inhibition, specifically against digestive enzymes like α-amylase, pepsin, and trypsin, suggesting potential benefits for managing diabetes and peptic ulcers. Animal studies have also shown anticonvulsant properties attributed to phyllanthin, potentially mediated through the NF-kB/TLR-4 pathway. However, human studies are limited, and more research is needed to confirm these benefits and determine optimal dosages and long-term effects.

How it works

Phyllanthus amarus exerts its effects through multiple mechanisms of action. It inhibits various enzymes, including digestive enzymes like α-amylase, pepsin, and trypsin, which can influence digestive processes and potentially aid in managing conditions like diabetes. Its anticonvulsant properties are linked to the inhibition of the NF-kB/TLR-4 pathway. The herb's antioxidant effects are attributed to its rich phytochemical content, which helps neutralize free radicals and reduce oxidative stress. While the specific absorption and bioavailability of its active compounds are not extensively studied, its interaction with the digestive, nervous, and immune systems contributes to its overall therapeutic effects.

Side effects

While Phyllanthus amarus is generally considered safe based on traditional use, potential side effects and safety considerations exist. High doses may lead to kidney issues, suggesting potential nephrotoxicity. Due to limited data, common and uncommon side effects are not well-documented. Drug interactions are also not extensively studied, warranting caution when used in conjunction with other medications. Contraindications include avoiding high doses due to the risk of kidney damage. Pregnant or breastfeeding women should consult healthcare providers before use due to a lack of safety data in these populations. It is crucial to adhere to recommended dosages and seek professional medical advice to mitigate potential risks.

Dosage

Due to limited clinical trials, specific dosage recommendations for Phyllanthus amarus are not well-established. Traditional medicine practices often use the herb without standardized dosing. However, it is crucial to avoid high doses, as studies suggest that doses exceeding 1000 mg/kg may be nephrotoxic. The herb is commonly available as a powder or extract. Timing considerations and absorption factors are not well-studied. Given the potential for kidney-related side effects, it is advisable to consult with a healthcare provider to determine a safe and appropriate dosage, especially for individuals with pre-existing kidney conditions.

FAQs

Is Phyllanthus amarus safe to use?

It is generally considered safe in traditional use, but high doses may cause kidney issues. Consult a healthcare provider before using, especially if you have kidney problems.

How should I take Phyllanthus amarus?

Dosage is not standardized. It is often used as a powder or extract. Consult a healthcare provider for appropriate dosing and timing.

What are the expected benefits of Phyllanthus amarus?

Potential benefits include antioxidant effects and enzyme inhibition. Results may vary depending on the individual and the condition being treated. More research is needed.

Can Phyllanthus amarus interact with other medications?

Drug interaction data is limited. Exercise caution when using it with other medications, and consult a healthcare provider to avoid potential adverse effects.

Are there any contraindications for using Phyllanthus amarus?

High doses should be avoided due to potential nephrotoxicity. Pregnant or breastfeeding women should consult healthcare providers due to a lack of safety data.

Research Sources

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1559325820946914?download=true – This in vivo study on mice investigated the anticonvulsant potential of phyllanthin extracted from Phyllanthus amarus. The key finding was that phyllanthin demonstrated anticonvulsant activity by inhibiting the NF-kB/TLR-4 pathway, suggesting a potential mechanism for its therapeutic effects. The study is limited by its animal model and the absence of human data.
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8364217/ – This research article provides a comprehensive review of Phyllanthus amarus, highlighting its traditional uses and phytochemical composition. It summarizes the various pharmacological activities attributed to the plant, including antiviral, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects. The review underscores the need for further high-quality clinical trials to validate these findings and establish its efficacy and safety.
https://www.scirp.org/journal/paperinformation?paperid=101541 – This in vitro study examined the enzyme inhibitory effects of Phyllanthus amarus extracts. The key finding was that the extracts inhibited α-amylase, pepsin, and trypsin enzymes, suggesting potential applications in managing conditions like diabetes and peptic ulcers. The study is limited by its in vitro nature, requiring further in vivo confirmation to validate these effects.
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3995322/ – This randomized crossover trial investigated the antioxidant and anti-nociceptive effects of Phyllanthus amarus powder in men. The study found that Phyllanthus amarus powder reduced oxidative stress and muscle soreness after exercise. The study's limitation is its small sample size, which may affect the generalizability of the findings.
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3252221/ – This article discusses the potential nephrotoxic effects of Phyllanthus amarus at high doses. It highlights the importance of caution when using the herb, particularly for individuals with pre-existing kidney conditions. The information underscores the need for further research to determine safe dosage levels and potential risks associated with its use.