Passionflower Aerial Part Extract
Also known as: Passionflower, Maypop, Apricot Vine, Passiflora incarnata
Overview
Passionflower, scientifically known as *Passiflora incarnata*, is a flowering vine native to North America. It has a long history of traditional use for its calming and sedative properties. The aerial parts of the plant, including the leaves, stems, and flowers, are typically used to create extracts, teas, and capsules. These preparations are primarily used to alleviate anxiety and insomnia. Passionflower contains various compounds, including flavonoids and indole alkaloids, which are believed to contribute to its pharmacological effects. While passionflower is generally considered safe, the available clinical evidence supporting its efficacy is limited, with most studies being small-scale or lacking rigorous methodology. More research is needed to fully establish its benefits and safety profile. It is available in various forms, including teas, liquid extracts, and capsules.
Benefits
Passionflower is primarily recognized for its anxiolytic and sedative effects, although the evidence supporting these benefits is derived mainly from small-scale studies. Some research suggests that passionflower extract can reduce anxiety symptoms comparably to certain pharmaceutical options, such as oxazepam, but with fewer side effects. Specifically, one study indicated that 45 drops per day of passionflower extract reduced anxiety. Additionally, passionflower may offer benefits for improving sleep quality, although the results have been inconsistent across different studies. It has also shown potential as a preoperative anxiolytic, helping to reduce anxiety before surgical procedures. However, the clinical significance of these effects is still uncertain due to the limited sample sizes and methodological constraints of the available research.
How it works
Passionflower is believed to exert its calming effects primarily through its interaction with the GABA pathway in the brain. It is thought to increase levels of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a neurotransmitter that inhibits nerve activity, thereby promoting relaxation and reducing anxiety. The flavonoids and indole alkaloids present in passionflower are considered to be the key compounds responsible for this mechanism of action. While the exact molecular targets are not fully understood, passionflower's influence on the central nervous system (CNS) is evident. Further research is needed to fully elucidate the absorption, bioavailability, and specific interactions of passionflower's constituents within the body.
Side effects
Passionflower is generally considered well-tolerated, but it can cause side effects in some individuals. Common side effects include dizziness, confusion, drowsiness, nausea, and vomiting. Less common side effects reported are increased heart rate and palpitations. In rare cases, passionflower has the potential to induce labor and is therefore contraindicated during pregnancy. It may also interact with sedatives and other CNS depressants, potentially enhancing their effects. Caution is advised when using passionflower in children and individuals with pre-existing CNS disorders. Due to the potential for uterine contraction effects, passionflower should be avoided during pregnancy. It's important to start with low doses to assess tolerance and to monitor for any adverse reactions. If any concerning symptoms arise, discontinue use and consult a healthcare provider.
Dosage
The minimum effective dose of passionflower is not definitively established, but typical dosages range from 500 to 1200 mg per day when taken in capsule form. Liquid extracts are often used at a dosage of 30-60 drops per day. The maximum safe dose is not clearly defined, so caution is advised when exceeding recommended dosages. Passionflower is often taken before bedtime to promote sleep or as needed to alleviate anxiety symptoms. It is available in various forms, including tea, capsules, and liquid extracts. The bioavailability of passionflower may vary depending on the form, and more research is needed to understand these differences fully. There are no established required cofactors for passionflower supplementation.
FAQs
How should I start taking passionflower?
Begin with a low dose to assess your tolerance and monitor for any side effects. If you experience any adverse reactions, discontinue use and consult a healthcare provider.
Is passionflower safe to use during pregnancy?
No, passionflower is contraindicated during pregnancy due to its potential to induce uterine contractions. Avoid use if you are pregnant or trying to become pregnant.
When is the best time to take passionflower?
Passionflower is typically taken before bedtime to promote sleep or as needed to alleviate anxiety symptoms. Follow the dosage recommendations provided on the product label or by your healthcare provider.
What results can I expect from taking passionflower?
You may experience calming effects within hours of taking passionflower. However, long-term benefits are uncertain, and individual results may vary. It is not a substitute for medical treatment.
Can passionflower be taken with other medications?
Passionflower may interact with sedatives and other CNS depressants. Consult with your healthcare provider before taking passionflower if you are currently taking any medications.
Research Sources
- https://www.drugs.com/npp/passion-flower.html – This source provides general information about passionflower, including its uses, benefits, and potential side effects. It serves as a broad overview of the supplement and its traditional applications.
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12244887/ – This study investigated the anxiolytic effects of passionflower. The research suggests passionflower may be effective in reducing anxiety, potentially through its influence on GABA levels in the brain.
- https://examine.com/supplements/passionflower/ – Examine.com provides a comprehensive, evidence-based overview of passionflower. It summarizes the available research on its benefits, mechanisms, and safety, offering a balanced perspective on its efficacy.
- https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/passionflower – The National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH) provides information on passionflower, including its uses and potential risks. It highlights the need for more rigorous research to confirm its benefits.
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33352740/ – This study evaluated the effects of passionflower on anxiety. The findings suggest that passionflower may have anxiolytic properties, but further research is needed to validate these results and determine optimal dosages.