Passion Flower Herb Extract
Also known as: Passiflora incarnata, Passionflower, Maypop, Apricot vine, Maracuja, Water lemon
Overview
Passionflower (*Passiflora incarnata*) is a climbing vine native to the southeastern United States and Central and South America. It is a herbal supplement primarily used for its sedative and anxiolytic properties. The plant contains flavonoids, alkaloids, and other compounds that contribute to its pharmacological effects. Passionflower is promoted for various conditions, including anxiety, sleep problems, pain, heart rhythm issues, menopausal symptoms, and ADHD. While it has a long history of traditional use, the clinical evidence supporting these uses is limited, with most studies being small-scale or observational. The quality of available evidence is generally low to moderate due to the scarcity of large-scale, well-designed clinical trials. Passionflower is available in various forms, including teas, capsules, and liquid extracts.
Benefits
Passionflower has shown potential benefits in reducing anxiety, particularly in preoperative settings. Studies suggest that passionflower extract can reduce anxiety scores compared to placebo. Some evidence indicates improved sleep quality, although results are inconsistent. Animal studies suggest potential benefits in neuropathic pain management. Passionflower may also reduce menopausal symptoms like hot flashes and insomnia. The effect sizes are generally small to moderate, with significant variability across studies. Benefits are typically observed within hours to days of administration. However, more robust clinical trials are needed to confirm these findings and establish the clinical significance of passionflower's benefits.
How it works
Passionflower's mechanism of action primarily involves modulation of the GABA system, which contributes to its anxiolytic effects. It interacts with the central nervous system (CNS), with potential interactions with cardiovascular and gastrointestinal systems. Known molecular targets include benzodiazepine receptors, where passionflower extracts exert partial agonistic activity. Limited data is available regarding its absorption and bioavailability, which may vary based on the preparation and dosage form. Further research is needed to fully elucidate the pharmacokinetic properties of passionflower and its active constituents.
Side effects
Passionflower is generally considered safe when used appropriately, but evidence is limited. Common side effects include drowsiness, dizziness, nausea, and vomiting. Uncommon side effects may include confusion and ataxia. Rare side effects such as prolongation of the QT interval and ventricular tachycardia have been reported. Potential drug interactions exist with CNS-active drugs, anticoagulants, and drugs that prolong the QT interval. Passionflower is contraindicated during pregnancy due to the potential for uterine contractions, and caution is advised during breastfeeding. Elderly individuals may be more susceptible to side effects like drowsiness and ataxia. It is important to use passionflower under medical supervision, especially when taking other medications.
Dosage
The typical minimum effective dose of passionflower extract is around 250-500 mg per day. Optimal dosage ranges are 500-1000 mg per day for anxiety and sleep disorders. The maximum safe dose is up to 800 mg daily for short-term use; higher doses may increase the risk of adverse effects. It is best taken 30 minutes to 1 hour before the desired effect, such as before surgery or bedtime. Capsules or teas are common forms, and bioavailability may vary. The presence of food or other substances may influence absorption. No specific cofactors are required. It is important to adhere to recommended dosage guidelines and consult with a healthcare provider before use.
FAQs
How should I use passionflower?
Passionflower should be used under medical supervision, especially if you are taking other medications. Follow the dosage guidelines provided by your healthcare provider or on the product label.
Is passionflower safe during pregnancy or breastfeeding?
Passionflower is contraindicated during pregnancy due to the potential for uterine contractions. Caution is advised during breastfeeding due to limited safety data.
When is the best time to take passionflower?
Passionflower is best taken 30 minutes to 1 hour before the desired effect, such as before bedtime to improve sleep or before a stressful event to reduce anxiety.
How long does it take to see results from passionflower?
You may experience reduced anxiety and improved sleep quality within a few days of consistent use, but individual results may vary. Consult with your healthcare provider if you have concerns.
Can passionflower replace conventional treatments?
Passionflower is not a substitute for conventional medical treatments without guidance from a healthcare provider. It should be used as a complementary therapy under medical supervision.
Research Sources
- https://www.drugs.com/npp/passion-flower.html – Drugs.com provides comprehensive information on passionflower, including its uses, dosage, side effects, and interactions. It serves as a general reference for understanding the properties and potential risks associated with passionflower supplementation.
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12244887/ – This study investigated the effects of passionflower on anxiety. The results indicated that passionflower preparations reduced anxiety levels, suggesting its potential as an anxiolytic agent. However, the study also noted limitations due to small sample sizes and study durations.
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33352740/ – This research evaluated passionflower extract in reducing anxiety in adults undergoing dental surgery. The study found that 500 mg of passionflower extract reduced anxiety similarly to midazolam, a common anti-anxiety medication. The study's high quality is attributed to its adequate sample size and design.
- https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/passionflower – The National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH) provides an overview of passionflower, including its uses and potential side effects. It highlights the need for more robust clinical evidence to support its efficacy for various health conditions.
- https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/19390210802414360 – This systematic review examined the effects of passionflower on anxiety. The review concluded that passionflower preparations reduced anxiety levels, suggesting its potential as an anxiolytic agent. The review also noted limitations due to small sample sizes and study durations.
