Paeonia Suffruticosa
Also known as: Paeonia suffruticosa Andrews, Moutan Peony, Tree Peony, Moutan cortex, Paeonia suffruticosa
Overview
Paeonia suffruticosa, commonly known as Tree Peony or Moutan Peony, is a woody shrub whose root bark (Moutan cortex) is extensively utilized in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). This plant is rich in bioactive compounds such as paeonol, paeoniflorin, and 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-β-D-glucopyranose, which contribute to its diverse pharmacological activities. Research indicates its potential as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, cardioprotective, anti-atherosclerotic, anti-diabetic, hepatoprotective, and dermatological agent. It is also gaining traction in the cosmetics industry for its purported anti-aging and skin-brightening properties. While preclinical studies show promising results, clinical evidence, particularly from large-scale randomized controlled trials, is still developing, making it a moderately researched botanical with growing interest in its therapeutic applications.
Benefits
Paeonia suffruticosa offers several evidence-based benefits, primarily driven by its anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. Total glucosides of paeony (TGP), which share constituents with *P. suffruticosa*, have shown significant efficacy as an add-on treatment for chronic urticaria, leading to symptom reduction in randomized controlled trials. For rheumatoid arthritis (RA), meta-analyses suggest that TGP adjunct therapy can improve clinical outcomes and reduce adverse effects, indicating its immunomodulatory benefits in autoimmune conditions. Preclinical studies highlight its strong antioxidant and cytoprotective activities, which are believed to underpin many of its therapeutic effects. Additionally, preliminary evidence suggests *P. suffruticosa* extract may modulate estrogen levels through phytoestrogens and support adrenal and thyroid health, though these hormonal benefits require further robust clinical validation.
How it works
The primary mechanism of action for Paeonia suffruticosa involves its bioactive compounds, particularly paeonol and paeoniflorin. These compounds exert anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokines and mitigating oxidative stress pathways. Immunomodulation occurs through the modulation of T-cell function and the regulation of cytokine production, which helps to balance the immune response. The extract's phytoestrogens may interact with estrogen receptors, potentially influencing hormonal activity. Furthermore, its constituents have demonstrated the ability to enhance cellular antioxidant defense systems and provide protection to mitochondria. While paeoniflorin is known to be water-soluble and orally bioavailable, the detailed pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of all active compounds in humans are still being fully characterized.
Side effects
Paeonia suffruticosa, particularly in the form of Total Glucosides of Paeony (TGP), is generally well tolerated in clinical trials. Reported adverse effects are typically mild and include gastrointestinal discomfort and transient elevations in liver enzymes. Interestingly, a meta-analysis in rheumatoid arthritis patients indicated that TGP adjunct therapy actually reduced hepatic adverse effects and leukopenia compared to control groups, suggesting a favorable safety profile in this context. While no major drug interactions are extensively documented, caution is advised. Due to its phytoestrogen content, *P. suffruticosa* should be used with prudence during pregnancy and in individuals with hormone-sensitive conditions, such as certain cancers, as its effects on these conditions are not fully established. It is always recommended to consult a healthcare professional before use, especially if pregnant, breastfeeding, or having pre-existing medical conditions.
Dosage
Clinical trials involving Total Glucosides of Paeony (TGP), which is related to Paeonia suffruticosa, for conditions like chronic urticaria and rheumatoid arthritis, typically utilize daily doses ranging from 600 to 1200 mg. This total daily dose is usually divided and administered two or three times throughout the day. The standard route of administration is oral. It's important to note that optimal dosing for other potential applications, such as hormonal modulation or cosmetic use, has not been well established and requires further research. While certain formulations might enhance bioavailability, current data on this aspect are limited. Users should adhere to recommended dosages and consult with a healthcare professional for personalized advice, especially given the varying concentrations of active compounds in different preparations.
FAQs
Is Paeonia suffruticosa effective for autoimmune diseases?
Evidence supports the adjunctive use of related glucosides (TGP) in rheumatoid arthritis and chronic urticaria, showing symptom improvement and reduced adverse effects. However, more high-quality randomized controlled trials are needed for definitive conclusions on its broader efficacy in autoimmune conditions.
Can it be used for hormonal balance?
Preliminary data suggest potential benefits via phytoestrogens, indicating it may modulate estrogen levels and support adrenal/thyroid health. However, clinical evidence is currently insufficient to recommend its routine use specifically for hormonal balance.
Are there safety concerns with Paeonia suffruticosa?
It is generally considered safe with mild side effects like gastrointestinal discomfort. However, due to its phytoestrogen content, it should be avoided during pregnancy or in individuals with hormone-sensitive cancers without prior medical advice.
Research Sources
- https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pharmacology/articles/10.3389/fphar.2022.961371/full – This systematic review and meta-analysis by Li et al. (2022) evaluated Total Glucosides of Paeony (TGP) as an add-on therapy for chronic urticaria. The study, which included randomized controlled trials, found significant symptom improvement and a favorable safety profile for TGP, providing high-quality evidence for its dermatological application.
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36501418/ – Ekiert et al. (2022) provided a comprehensive review of *Paeonia × suffruticosa* pharmacology. This authoritative and recent review summarizes the plant's phytochemistry and therapeutic potential, covering its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and hormonal effects based on a synthesis of multiple preclinical and clinical studies.
- https://bmccomplementmedtherapies.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12906-021-03252-y – Liu et al. (2021) conducted a meta-analysis on the safety of TGP as an adjunct therapy for rheumatoid arthritis. Their rigorous analysis of randomized controlled trials found that TGP reduced hepatic adverse effects and leukopenia, supporting its clinical safety profile in autoimmune conditions.
- https://www.wellgreenherb.com/knowledge/can-paeonia-suffruticosa-extract-be-used-for-hormonal-balance – This article discusses the potential of *Paeonia suffruticosa* extract for hormonal balance, suggesting it may modulate estrogen levels via phytoestrogens and support adrenal function. It highlights preliminary evidence but notes the need for further clinical validation.
