Other Glycerides
Also known as: Other Glycerides, Monoglycerides, Diglycerides, Medium-Chain Glycerides, Krill Oil Phospholipids, Glycerides (Other)
Overview
Glycerides are a class of lipids formed from glycerol and fatty acids, naturally occurring in dietary fats and oils. The term "Other Glycerides" in the context of supplements broadly refers to glyceride compounds beyond common triglycerides, encompassing mono- and diglycerides, and specialized forms like medium-chain glycerides (MCTs) or phospholipid-bound glycerides found in marine oils such as krill oil. These compounds serve various roles, including as energy sources, emulsifiers, or carriers for specific fatty acids. While triglycerides and MCTs are extensively researched, the broader category of "Other Glycerides" is less specifically studied, with clinical evidence often tied to particular products like krill oil. Research quality varies significantly, with krill oil glycerides showing moderate-quality evidence from meta-analyses, whereas other forms may have less direct clinical data.
Benefits
The primary evidence-based benefit for "Other Glycerides" largely stems from krill oil supplementation, which is rich in phospholipid-bound glycerides. A meta-analysis of 14 randomized controlled trials involving 1458 participants demonstrated significant reductions in total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides (p < 0.05). These lipid-lowering effects suggest an improvement in cardiovascular health. The benefits were more pronounced in individuals with a BMI under 28 kg/m² and in studies with a treatment duration of less than 8 weeks. No significant effects were observed on blood pressure, glycemic control, body composition, or inflammatory markers. The evidence quality for krill oil glycerides is considered moderate, derived from robust meta-analyses, while other types of glycerides lack similar high-quality, direct clinical evidence for specific health benefits.
How it works
Glycerides function primarily as energy substrates and carriers for fatty acids within the body. Upon ingestion, they are hydrolyzed by pancreatic lipase into free fatty acids and monoacylglycerols, which are then absorbed in the small intestine and re-esterified for transport. Specialized glycerides, such as the phospholipid-bound forms found in krill oil, are believed to influence lipid metabolism through distinct pathways. These may involve modulating enzymes involved in lipid synthesis and breakdown, interacting with lipoprotein receptors, and potentially exerting anti-inflammatory effects. The unique structure of phospholipid-bound fatty acids in krill oil may contribute to their enhanced bioavailability and targeted delivery, influencing molecular targets related to lipid homeostasis and inflammatory mediators.
Side effects
Glycerides are generally recognized as safe when consumed within typical dietary amounts or recommended supplement doses. Adverse effects reported in clinical trials, particularly with krill oil, are minimal and typically mild, primarily involving gastrointestinal discomfort suchates. as indigestion or nausea. A significant safety consideration is the potential for drug interactions, especially with anticoagulants (e.g., warfarin), as the omega-3 fatty acids present in some glyceride sources like krill oil may increase the risk of bleeding. Contraindications include allergies to the source material, such as shellfish allergies for krill oil. Caution is advised for pregnant women and individuals on blood-thinning medications due to the potential for increased bleeding risk. Overall, the safety profile is favorable, but specific precautions are necessary for certain populations and concurrent medication use.
Dosage
For krill oil, which is a prominent source of beneficial "Other Glycerides," effective doses in clinical trials typically ranged from 500 mg to 2 grams daily. The specific dosage for other types of glycerides varies widely and depends on their chemical structure, fatty acid composition, and intended purpose, with no universal guidelines available. It is generally recommended to take glyceride supplements with meals to enhance their absorption. They are commonly available in capsule or emulsion forms. The absorption of some glycerides and their associated fatty acids may be further enhanced by the presence of fat-soluble vitamins or other dietary fats. There are no established upper limits for the broad category of "Other Glycerides," but adherence to product-specific recommendations and consultation with a healthcare professional is advised.
FAQs
Are "other glycerides" effective for lipid lowering?
Evidence primarily supports krill oil glycerides for modest improvements in lipid profiles, including reductions in total cholesterol, LDL, and triglycerides. The effectiveness of other types of glycerides varies and is less well-researched.
Are they safe?
Yes, glycerides are generally safe with a low incidence of side effects, mainly mild gastrointestinal discomfort. However, caution is advised for those on blood thinners or with shellfish allergies.
How soon do effects appear?
For krill oil glycerides, beneficial effects on lipid profiles have been observed within short-term supplementation, typically under 8 weeks.
Are all glycerides the same?
No, glycerides are a diverse group. Their effects and benefits depend significantly on their specific type (mono-, di-, or specialized forms) and the composition of their fatty acids.
Research Sources
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38039646/ – This systematic review and meta-analysis of 14 randomized controlled trials (n=1458) found that krill oil supplementation significantly reduced total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides. No significant effects were observed on blood pressure, glycemic control, or inflammatory markers, highlighting its specific role in lipid management.
Supplements Containing Other Glycerides
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