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Ornithine Alpha Ketoglutarate

Also known as: Ornithine-alpha-ketoglutarate, OKG, Ornithine Ketoglutarate, Ornithine Alpha-Ketoglutarate

Overview

Ornithine alpha-ketoglutarate (OKG) is a synthetic salt composed of two molecules of ornithine and one molecule of alpha-ketoglutarate. Ornithine is an amino acid involved in the urea cycle, while alpha-ketoglutarate is a precursor to glutamine and a key intermediate in the Krebs cycle. OKG is primarily used to support muscle protein synthesis, wound healing, and improve nutritional status, particularly in malnourished or traumatized patients. Research suggests potential benefits in conditions like burns, HIV/AIDS, and stroke. OKG is known for its ability to stimulate the secretion of anabolic hormones such as insulin and growth hormone, and to enhance the synthesis of glutamine, proline, and arginine. While research on OKG is ongoing, current evidence is derived from small to moderate-sized clinical trials and animal studies, indicating a need for larger, more robust studies to confirm its efficacy.

Benefits

OKG has demonstrated potential benefits in several areas. It supports muscle protein synthesis, as shown in a study where postoperative patients receiving OKG maintained muscle protein synthesis and improved nitrogen balance compared to controls. Animal studies also indicate enhanced nitrogen retention with OKG supplementation. OKG is associated with increased secretion of anabolic hormones like insulin and growth hormone, contributing to its anabolic effects. Furthermore, it boosts the synthesis of glutamine and polyamines, crucial for tissue repair and growth. OKG has shown promise in improving nutritional status in malnourished patients, including those with burns and trauma, and in maintaining muscle protein synthesis in postoperative patients. While effect sizes are significant, larger studies are needed to confirm clinical significance. Benefits can be observed within a few days of supplementation.

How it works

OKG primarily functions by increasing the secretion of anabolic hormones, including insulin and growth hormone. It also redirects ornithine metabolism towards the production of arginine, glutamine, and proline, all of which are essential for tissue repair and growth. This redirection involves the saturation of the ornithine aminotransferase-dependent pathway, leading to increased production of arginine and other metabolites. OKG influences metabolic pathways involved in protein synthesis, nitrogen balance, and the production of key metabolites. While specific absorption and bioavailability data are limited, its observed effects suggest effective absorption and utilization by the body.

Side effects

OKG is generally considered safe for short-term oral use (up to 3 weeks). However, comprehensive long-term safety data are lacking. Common side effects are not well-documented, but short-term use appears to be well-tolerated. Uncommon and rare side effects are not significantly reported in the available literature. There is limited data on drug interactions, so caution and medical supervision are advised. Due to insufficient safety information, OKG is contraindicated during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Special populations, such as pregnant or breastfeeding women, should avoid OKG supplementation due to the lack of safety data. More extensive research is needed to fully characterize the safety profile of OKG, especially with long-term use.

Dosage

While a minimum effective dose of OKG is not firmly established, studies have used dosages ranging from 0.35 g/kg body weight per day to 10-30 grams per day. Optimal dosages typically fall within the 10-30 grams per day range for oral administration, as used in clinical studies. The maximum safe dose is not clearly defined, but doses up to 30 grams per day have been used without significant adverse effects. Timing of administration can vary based on the clinical context, often administered postoperatively or during periods of malnutrition. OKG can be administered orally or through feeding tubes under medical supervision. Absorption factors are not extensively studied, but oral administration appears effective. No specific cofactors are known to be required for OKG supplementation.

FAQs

When is OKG typically used?

OKG is often used under medical supervision in clinical settings, particularly postoperatively or during periods of malnutrition, to support muscle protein synthesis and improve nitrogen balance.

Is OKG safe?

OKG is considered safe for short-term use, but long-term safety data are lacking. It should be avoided during pregnancy and breastfeeding due to insufficient safety data.

How is OKG administered?

OKG can be administered orally or through feeding tubes, depending on the clinical context and patient's condition. Timing depends on the specific needs, such as postoperative care.

What results can I expect from OKG supplementation?

Expected results include improved muscle protein synthesis, better nitrogen balance, and potential benefits in wound healing and overall nutritional status, especially in clinical settings.

Is OKG the same as ornithine or alpha-ketoglutarate?

No, OKG is a distinct compound formed from ornithine and alpha-ketoglutarate. Its effects are synergistic, meaning it provides benefits beyond those of the individual components.

Research Sources

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3118827/ – This clinical trial involving 15 patients undergoing elective abdominal surgery found that OKG maintained muscle protein synthesis and improved nitrogen balance compared to the control group over a 3-day period. The study suggests that OKG can be beneficial in postoperative recovery by supporting muscle protein metabolism, although the small sample size limits the generalizability of the findings.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8814202/ – In a rat trauma model with bilateral femur fractures, this study demonstrated that OKG-fed rats had a higher fraction of nitrogen intake retained in the body compared to the basal diet group over 4 days. While the animal model limits direct applicability to humans, the results indicate that OKG may enhance nitrogen retention in trauma situations, supporting its potential use in nutritional support.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15465801/ – This review article highlights that OKG increases the production of arginine, glutamine, and proline by diverting ornithine metabolism. The review suggests that OKG's effects are due to its role as a precursor for these key metabolites, which are crucial for tissue repair and growth, making it a valuable supplement in conditions requiring enhanced protein synthesis.
https://research.vu.nl/ws/portalfiles/portal/160079366/AlphaKetoglutarate_dietary_supplementation_to_improve_health_in_humans.pdf – This paper discusses the potential of alpha-ketoglutarate dietary supplementation to improve health in humans. It covers various aspects of alpha-ketoglutarate, including its role in metabolism and potential benefits in different health conditions. The paper provides a comprehensive overview of the current research and potential applications of alpha-ketoglutarate in human health.
https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-642/ornithine-ketoglutarate – This WebMD page provides general information about ornithine ketoglutarate, including its uses, potential benefits, and safety considerations. It serves as a consumer-friendly resource for understanding the basics of ornithine ketoglutarate and its role as a dietary supplement.