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Neoeriocitrin

Also known as: Neoeriocitrin, Eriodictyol-7-O-neohesperidoside, Citrus Flavanone Glycoside

Overview

Neoeriocitrin is a citrus flavanone glycoside found predominantly in citrus fruits like lemons and bergamot. It is valued for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, and its potential to improve lipid profiles, contributing to cardiovascular health. As a flavanone glycoside, it belongs to the flavonoid family of polyphenolic compounds. Research on neoeriocitrin is moderately mature, with preclinical and in vitro studies supporting its benefits, and some clinical evidence from studies on citrus extracts containing neoeriocitrin. It exhibits potent antioxidant activity and may synergistically enhance health benefits when combined with other polyphenols. While direct studies on isolated neoeriocitrin are limited, meta-analyses of citrus extracts show promising results.

Benefits

Neoeriocitrin exhibits significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, as demonstrated in vitro. It reduces inflammatory markers such as IL-6, IL-8, and nitric oxide. Citrus extracts containing neoeriocitrin have been shown to improve lipid profiles, lowering total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides, while increasing HDL cholesterol. Meta-analyses of citrus products and bergamot supplementation support these findings. Bergamot supplementation, which includes neoeriocitrin, has shown significant reductions in total cholesterol (-63.6 mg/dL), triglycerides (-74.7 mg/dL), and LDL-C (-55.4 mg/dL), along with increases in HDL-C (+5.8 mg/dL). These benefits are particularly relevant for individuals with dyslipidemia and metabolic syndrome, although specific data on isolated neoeriocitrin are limited.

How it works

Neoeriocitrin functions as an antioxidant by scavenging free radicals and inhibiting oxidative stress pathways. It also modulates the production of inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6, IL-8, and nitric oxide. Its primary action involves reducing oxidative stress and inflammation within the gastrointestinal tract and systemic circulation. Neoeriocitrin inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative enzymes, although the precise molecular targets are still under investigation. Like other flavanones, it undergoes gastrointestinal digestion and metabolism. Its bioavailability is moderate and influenced by its glycoside form and the composition of the gut microbiota.

Side effects

Neoeriocitrin is generally considered safe, as it is a natural component of commonly consumed citrus fruits. Clinical studies involving citrus flavonoid extracts have not reported significant adverse effects. There are no documented rare side effects specific to neoeriocitrin. No specific drug interactions have been documented, but caution is advised when combining it with lipid-lowering drugs due to potential additive effects. There are no established contraindications. Limited data exists for special populations, but it is presumed safe for the general population. Overall, neoeriocitrin appears to have a favorable safety profile based on available evidence.

Dosage

A minimum effective dose for isolated neoeriocitrin has not been established. Effective doses are typically inferred from studies using citrus extracts. Bergamot extract studies have used doses ranging from 500 mg to 1500 mg daily of polyphenolic fractions containing neoeriocitrin. A maximum safe dose is not clearly defined, but high doses of citrus extracts are generally well-tolerated. Daily supplementation with meals may optimize absorption. Neoeriocitrin is typically administered as part of standardized citrus flavonoid extracts or mixtures. Bioavailability is enhanced by gut microbiota metabolism, and the glycoside form affects absorption. No specific cofactors are required for its activity.

FAQs

Is neoeriocitrin effective alone or only in mixtures?

Evidence suggests synergistic effects with other citrus flavanones. Isolated effects are less studied, so it's likely more effective in combination.

Is it safe to consume neoeriocitrin daily?

Yes, as part of citrus extracts, it is considered safe for daily consumption based on available research and common dietary exposure.

How soon can benefits be expected?

Lipid profile improvements are typically observed after 8-12 weeks of consistent supplementation with citrus extracts containing neoeriocitrin.

Does it interact with medications?

No major interactions have been reported, but caution is advised when used with lipid-lowering drugs due to potential additive effects.

Is it better to consume neoeriocitrin from diet or supplements?

Both are effective; supplements provide standardized doses, while dietary sources offer a range of other beneficial compounds.

Research Sources

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7908975/ – This in vitro study evaluated the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of citrus flavanones. Neoeriocitrin demonstrated strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, comparable to dexamethasone, with synergistic effects observed in flavanone mixtures. The study provides mechanistic insights into the potential health benefits of neoeriocitrin.
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8884359/ – This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the effects of citrus extracts on dyslipidemia. The analysis of 27 studies showed that citrus extracts reduce total cholesterol, LDL, and triglycerides, while increasing HDL. The study highlights the potential of citrus extracts, including neoeriocitrin, in improving lipid profiles, although heterogeneity was noted due to variable extract compositions.
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ptr.7647 – This meta-analysis of RCTs investigated the effects of bergamot supplementation on lipid profiles in adults with hyperlipidemia. The analysis of 14 RCTs showed significant reductions in total cholesterol, LDL, and triglycerides, as well as an increase in HDL with bergamot polyphenolic fractions containing neoeriocitrin. The high-quality RCT data supports the lipid-lowering benefits of bergamot, which includes neoeriocitrin.
https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pharmacology/articles/10.3389/fphar.2022.822678/full – This article likely discusses the pharmacological properties of citrus flavonoids. Further review of the full text would be needed to provide a more detailed summary of its findings related to neoeriocitrin, but it likely covers mechanisms of action or therapeutic applications.
https://academic.oup.com/nutritionreviews/article/82/9/1292/7272715 – This article likely reviews the nutritional aspects of citrus fruits and their components. Further review of the full text would be needed to provide a more detailed summary of its findings related to neoeriocitrin, but it likely covers dietary sources and health implications.