Microcrystalline Hydroxyapatite Concentrate
Also known as: Microcrystalline Hydroxyapatite Concentrate, MCHC, Microcrystalline Hydroxyapatite
Overview
Microcrystalline Hydroxyapatite (MCH) is a dietary supplement derived from bovine bone, containing calcium and phosphate in the form of hydroxyapatite, along with collagenous and non-collagenous bone proteins. It is primarily used as a calcium supplement to support bone health. MCH may have a smaller effect on serum calcium concentrations compared to conventional calcium supplements, potentially reducing cardiovascular risks. Research on MCH is considered to be at a moderate maturity level, with several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) available, but more systematic reviews and meta-analyses are needed to strengthen the evidence base. The quality of available evidence from RCTs is generally good, but more comprehensive reviews are necessary to fully understand its effects and optimal use. MCH is available in various forms, including tablets and capsules, and is often combined with other bone-supporting nutrients.
Benefits
MCH can increase serum calcium and phosphate levels and reduce bone resorption markers. It may offer a safer alternative to conventional calcium supplements by minimizing acute increases in serum calcium, potentially reducing cardiovascular risks. Studies suggest that MCH may help in reducing bone loss, particularly in conditions like corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis. Postmenopausal women and individuals on corticosteroid therapy may particularly benefit from MCH supplementation. The effects on bone turnover are comparable to conventional calcium supplements, but with a potentially lower cardiovascular risk. Acute effects on serum calcium are observed within hours, while medium-term benefits on bone turnover are noted over several months.
How it works
MCH affects bone metabolism by providing calcium and phosphate, which are essential for bone mineralization. It influences parathyroid hormone levels and interacts primarily with the skeletal and endocrine systems. While specific molecular targets are not identified, MCH influences bone turnover markers like C-telopeptide and procollagen type-I N-terminal propeptide. MCH may have slower absorption due to its hydroxyapatite form, which could reduce peak serum calcium levels compared to more soluble forms like calcium citrate. This slower absorption may contribute to the potentially reduced cardiovascular risk associated with MCH.
Side effects
MCH is generally considered safe, but long-term cardiovascular effects need further study. Common side effects are not well-documented, but gastrointestinal side effects are possible. Uncommon side effects include the potential for increased serum phosphate levels, which may affect kidney function in susceptible individuals. Drug interactions may occur with medications affecting calcium or phosphate metabolism. Individuals with hypercalcemia or hyperphosphatemia should avoid MCH. Caution is advised in patients with kidney disease due to potential phosphate effects. It is important to monitor serum calcium and phosphate levels, especially in individuals with pre-existing kidney conditions or those taking medications that affect calcium or phosphate metabolism.
Dosage
The minimum effective dose is typically around 1 g of calcium per day, but optimal dosage ranges are not well-established, and more research is needed. A maximum safe dose is not clearly defined; caution is advised to avoid excessive calcium intake. It is best taken with meals to enhance absorption. MCH may be preferred over more soluble forms for those concerned about acute serum calcium spikes. Absorption may be influenced by the presence of other nutrients and the degree of protein hydrolysis in MCH preparations. Vitamin D may enhance calcium absorption. It is important to consult with a healthcare provider to determine the appropriate dosage based on individual needs and health status.
FAQs
What is MCH and how does it differ from other calcium supplements?
MCH is a calcium supplement derived from bovine bone, containing calcium and phosphate in the form of hydroxyapatite. It may have a smaller effect on serum calcium concentrations compared to conventional calcium supplements, potentially reducing cardiovascular risks.
Who can benefit most from taking MCH?
Postmenopausal women and individuals on corticosteroid therapy may particularly benefit from MCH supplementation due to its potential to reduce bone loss and support bone health.
Are there any safety concerns or side effects associated with MCH?
MCH is generally considered safe, but long-term cardiovascular effects need further study. Individuals with kidney issues should consult a healthcare provider due to potential phosphate effects.
How should I take MCH for best results?
MCH is best taken with meals to enhance absorption. Consult with a healthcare provider to determine the appropriate dosage based on individual needs and health status.
Is MCH a complete replacement for conventional calcium supplements?
MCH is not a complete replacement for conventional calcium supplements but offers an alternative with potentially fewer cardiovascular risks. Consult with a healthcare provider to determine the best option for your needs.
Research Sources
- https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/british-journal-of-nutrition/article/acute-and-3month-effects-of-microcrystalline-hydroxyapatite-calcium-citrate-and-calcium-carbonate-on-serum-calcium-and-markers-of-bone-turnover-a-randomised-controlled-trial-in-postmenopausal-women/C7B53D8B50F5372304C6B7CB020FD0C6 – This randomized controlled trial compared the effects of MCH, calcium citrate, and calcium carbonate on serum calcium and bone turnover markers in postmenopausal women. The study found that MCH increased ionized calcium less than citrate-carbonate but effectively reduced bone turnover markers, suggesting a potentially safer alternative for calcium supplementation.
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2997764/ – This study investigated the effect of MCHC (a form of MCH) on bone loss in patients with chronic active hepatitis on corticosteroid therapy. The results indicated that MCHC may reduce bone loss in these patients, although the findings were not statistically significant for all outcomes, highlighting the need for further research.
- https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/C7B53D8B50F5372304C6B7CB020FD0C6/S0007114514002785a.pdf/div-class-title-acute-and-3-month-effects-of-microcrystalline-hydroxyapatite-calcium-citrate-and-calcium-carbonate-on-serum-calcium-and-markers-of-bone-turnover-a-randomised-controlled-trial-in-postmenopausal-women-div.pdf – This randomized controlled trial compared the effects of MCH, calcium citrate, and calcium carbonate on serum calcium and bone turnover markers in postmenopausal women. The study found that MCH increased ionized calcium less than citrate-carbonate but effectively reduced bone turnover markers, suggesting a potentially safer alternative for calcium supplementation.
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24893923/ – This review suggests that similar hydroxyapatite-based supplements can be more effective than calcium carbonate in maintaining bone mass. The review highlights the potential benefits of hydroxyapatite-based supplements in supporting bone health and reducing the risk of bone loss.
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25274192/ – This study investigates the effects of ossein-hydroxyapatite complex (OHC) on bone health. The findings suggest that OHC may be more effective than calcium carbonate in maintaining bone mass, indicating its potential benefits for bone health.
