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Mesima Mushroom

Also known as: Phellinus linteus, Mesima, Sanghwang, Black Hoof Fungus

Overview

Phellinus linteus, commonly known as Mesima or Sanghwang, is a medicinal mushroom found on hardwood trees in East Asia. It has been traditionally used in Korean and Chinese medicine for its potential health benefits. Mesima contains bioactive compounds such as polysaccharides (including beta-glucans), triterpenoids, and phenolic compounds, which are believed to contribute to its therapeutic effects. It is primarily investigated for its potential role in cancer therapy, immune modulation, and as an adjunct to chemotherapy. Research on Mesima is still in its early stages, with most studies being preclinical or in early clinical phases. While some studies show promising results, there is a need for more large-scale human trials to confirm its efficacy and safety. The available evidence is mixed, with some promising preclinical and small clinical studies, but few high-quality randomized controlled trials or systematic reviews specifically on *Phellinus linteus* in humans. Most systematic reviews and meta-analyses focus on medicinal mushrooms broadly, not Mesima specifically.

Benefits

While research suggests potential benefits, it's important to note that most findings are not specific to Mesima but rather to medicinal mushrooms in general. Systematic reviews of medicinal mushrooms indicate favorable effects such as reduced chemotherapy toxicity, improved quality of life (QoL), and positive cytokine responses in cancer patients. Preclinical models suggest potential immune modulation, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor effects. Cancer patients may experience reduced chemotherapy side effects and improved immune function, although this is not Mesima-specific. Some studies on medicinal mushrooms report improved survival or disease-free intervals, but the effect sizes are modest and not specific to Mesima. Benefits, if any, are typically observed over weeks to months of supplementation, but data are limited.

How it works

Mesima's mechanism of action primarily involves immunomodulation through the activation of macrophages, natural killer cells, and cytokine production. Its anti-tumor effects may stem from the induction of apoptosis and inhibition of angiogenesis. It primarily affects the immune system, potentially exerting anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Beta-glucans, a key component, interact with pattern recognition receptors like Dectin-1 and TLRs, modulating immune responses. Polysaccharides are poorly absorbed orally; their effects may be mediated by gut-associated lymphoid tissue and systemic immune modulation.

Side effects

Mesima is generally considered safe based on limited human data and the broader safety profiles of medicinal mushrooms. Common side effects, reported in more than 5% of users, include mild gastrointestinal discomfort such as nausea and bloating. Uncommon side effects, affecting 1-5% of users, may include allergic reactions or mild liver enzyme elevations. Rare side effects, occurring in less than 1% of users, could involve severe allergic reactions or idiosyncratic liver injury, although these are very rare. Due to its potential immunomodulatory effects, caution is advised when using Mesima with immunosuppressive drugs. Contraindications include hypersensitivity to mushrooms, and caution is recommended for immunocompromised individuals. The safety of Mesima in pregnancy, lactation, and children has not been established.

Dosage

A minimum effective dose for Mesima specifically has not been established. For medicinal mushrooms in general, doses range from 1–3 g/day of extract. An optimal dosage range for Mesima would likely fall within this 1-3 g/day range of mushroom extract, but Mesima-specific data are lacking. A maximum safe dose has not been established, but high doses may increase the risk of gastrointestinal side effects. It is typically taken daily, with or without food. Extracts or powders are the most common forms, and bioavailability may be higher with hot water extracts. Polysaccharides are poorly absorbed, and effects may be mediated by gut immune modulation. No specific cofactors are required.

FAQs

Is Mesima safe for most adults?

Mesima is generally considered safe for most adults, but evidence for specific benefits is limited and not Mesima-specific. Mild side effects are possible, while severe reactions are rare.

How should I take Mesima?

Daily dosing is typical; timing relative to meals is not critical. Follow the dosage recommendations on the product label or as advised by a healthcare professional.

What results can I expect from taking Mesima?

You might experience modest immune modulation and a possible reduction in chemotherapy side effects, but these outcomes are not guaranteed. Mesima is not a proven cure for cancer; benefits are modest and adjunctive.

Can Mesima cure cancer?

Mesima is not a proven cure for cancer. While some studies suggest potential benefits in cancer therapy, these findings are preliminary and require further research. It should be used as an adjunct to conventional treatments, not as a replacement.

Research Sources

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36995535/ – This systematic review examined the effects of medicinal mushroom supplements in cancer patients. The review found that most studies reported favorable effects, such as reduced chemotherapy toxicity, improved quality of life, and favorable cytokine responses. However, the findings were not specific to Mesima.
https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/15/5/1079 – This review discusses the potential of mushroom extracts to improve chemotherapy outcomes. It suggests that mushroom extracts may enhance chemotherapy efficacy and reduce chemoresistance. However, the review notes that human data, especially for Mesima, are limited.
https://www.va.gov/WHOLEHEALTHLIBRARY/tools/mycomedicinals-mushrooms-for-cancer.asp – This resource provides information on the use of medicinal mushrooms for cancer support. It highlights potential benefits such as immune modulation and reduced chemotherapy side effects. However, it emphasizes that more research is needed to confirm these effects.
https://pure.psu.edu/en/publications/higher-mushroom-consumption-is-associated-with-lower-risk-of-canc-2 – This meta-analysis investigated the association between mushroom consumption and cancer risk. The study found that higher mushroom consumption was associated with a lower risk of cancer, especially breast cancer. However, the findings were not specific to Mesima.
https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/13/6/510 – This study reviews the potential of mushroom extracts to improve chemotherapy outcomes. It suggests that mushroom extracts may enhance chemotherapy efficacy and reduce chemoresistance. However, the review notes that human data, especially for Mesima, are limited.