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Leuconostoc Mesenteroides

Also known as: Leuconostoc mesenteroides, L. mesenteroides, Lactic acid bacterium (Leuconostoc strain)

Overview

Leuconostoc mesenteroides is a species of lactic acid bacteria commonly found in fermented foods like sauerkraut, kimchi, and kefir. It is a Gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic coccus known for its role in fermentation and potential health benefits. As a probiotic supplement, it's used to modulate the immune system, improve gut health, and potentially manage allergic and inflammatory conditions. Research suggests it can influence cytokine production, increasing anti-inflammatory cytokines like IL-10 and reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines like IL-17 and IL-4. Studies include animal models and some human trials, indicating moderate research maturity. While generally considered safe, more robust human clinical trials are needed to fully establish its efficacy and safety. It is available in various forms, including capsules, powders, and fermented foods.

Benefits

Leuconostoc mesenteroides exhibits several potential health benefits, primarily related to immunomodulation and metabolic health. Studies in animal models have demonstrated its ability to increase the production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 and decrease pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-17 and IL-4, suggesting a role in managing inflammatory conditions. Research also indicates that fermentation of foods like Momordica charantia with Leuconostoc mesenteroides can improve metabolic parameters, such as reducing body weight, serum triglycerides, and cholesterol levels in mice fed a high-fat diet. Some evidence suggests anti-allergic effects, with studies in ovalbumin-sensitized mice showing a reduction in allergic responses. A systematic review and meta-analysis on probiotics in children with asthma suggested potential benefits from Leuconostoc strains, though more conclusive evidence is needed. Benefits typically manifest within several weeks of consistent supplementation.

How it works

Leuconostoc mesenteroides exerts its effects primarily through immunomodulation and interaction with the gut microbiome. It modulates cytokine production, increasing anti-inflammatory cytokines like IL-10 while reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-17 and IL-4. This modulation involves the activation of NF-κB and p38/JNK signaling pathways. By influencing the gut microbiota composition, it indirectly affects the immune system and metabolic health. The bacterium targets cytokine receptors to modulate the immune response. When administered orally, it can survive passage through the gastrointestinal tract and colonize the gut, contributing to its bioavailability and effectiveness.

Side effects

Leuconostoc mesenteroides is generally considered safe as a probiotic supplement, but some side effects can occur. Common side effects, typical of probiotic use, include mild gastrointestinal symptoms such as bloating and gas. Uncommon side effects may involve allergic reactions or sensitivities, though these are rare. In very rare cases, probiotics can lead to more severe adverse effects, particularly in immunocompromised individuals, such as bacteremia or fungemia. Caution is advised when using probiotics with immunosuppressive drugs due to limited evidence on specific drug interactions. Individuals with severe immune deficiencies or those who are critically ill should avoid using probiotics without medical supervision. Pregnant or breastfeeding women and children should consult healthcare providers before using any probiotic supplement to ensure safety.

Dosage

While a precise minimum effective dose for Leuconostoc mesenteroides is not well-established, effective dosages have varied across studies. Optimal dosages are not clearly defined and may depend on the specific health condition being targeted. There is no established maximum safe dose, but high doses are generally well-tolerated. Consistency is key for maintaining gut colonization, and the timing of administration can be flexible. It can be administered in various forms, including capsules, powders, or fermented foods. The presence of prebiotics can enhance its absorption and colonization in the gut. A balanced diet and adequate hydration can support its efficacy. Consult with a healthcare provider for personalized dosage recommendations.

FAQs

Is Leuconostoc mesenteroides safe to use?

Generally safe for most people, but consult a healthcare provider if you have underlying health conditions or are immunocompromised.

When is the best time to take it?

It can be taken at any time of day, but consistency is important for maintaining gut colonization and realizing benefits.

How long before I see results?

Improvements in immune function and metabolic health may be observed within several weeks of consistent use.

Is it a cure-all for health issues?

No, it is not a cure-all but can be a beneficial adjunct to a healthy lifestyle, supporting gut health and immune function.

Research Sources

https://jonuns.com/index.php/journal/article/view/1050 – This animal study on Sprague Dawley rats with chronic asthma induced by ovalbumin found that administration of *Leuconostoc mesenteroides* significantly increased IL-10 and decreased IL-17 and IL-4 (p < 0.001), suggesting immunomodulatory effects. The study highlights the potential of *L. mesenteroides* in modulating cytokine levels in a chronic asthma model, indicating its role in managing inflammatory responses.
https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/microbiology/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2022.897656/full – This research explores the induction of Th1 cytokines by *Leuconostoc mesenteroides* involving the activation of NF-κB and p38/JNK signaling pathways. The study provides insights into the molecular mechanisms through which *L. mesenteroides* interacts with the immune system, specifically focusing on the signaling pathways that lead to the production of Th1 cytokines.
https://hsls.libguides.com/Embase-search-filters/systematic-reviews – This is a guide to systematic reviews. It does not contain specific information about *Leuconostoc mesenteroides*.
https://www.mdpi.com/2311-5637/9/8/718 – This systematic review and meta-analysis on probiotics supplementation in children with asthma suggested that certain probiotic strains, including those from the *Leuconostoc* genus, may have beneficial effects on asthma symptoms. The review highlights the potential of probiotics as an adjunct therapy for managing asthma in children, though it notes the need for more conclusive evidence.
https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/12/9/1893 – This animal study on C57BL/6 mice on a high-fat, high-cholesterol diet found that fermentation with *Leuconostoc mesenteroides* improved metabolic parameters, including reduced body weight and serum lipid levels. The study demonstrates the potential of *L. mesenteroides* in improving metabolic health by modulating lipid metabolism and reducing body weight in a mouse model of metabolic complications.