Lactobacillus salivarius LS97
Also known as: Lactobacillus salivarius LS97, Ligilactobacillus salivarius LS97, LS97, Lactobacillus salivarius strain LS97
Overview
Lactobacillus salivarius LS97, also known as Ligilactobacillus salivarius LS97, is a specific strain of lactic acid bacteria naturally found in the human oral cavity and gastrointestinal tract. It is being investigated as a probiotic supplement, primarily for its potential to inhibit oral pathogens, particularly cariogenic bacteria like Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguis. LS97 has demonstrated strong antibacterial activity in vitro and in animal models, showing larger inhibition zones compared to some other strains. However, research on LS97 is still in its early to intermediate stages, with limited human clinical trials available. The available evidence is moderate for in vitro and animal studies, but high-quality human randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and systematic reviews are lacking. Therefore, while promising, the clinical efficacy of LS97 in humans remains to be definitively established.
Benefits
The primary benefit of Lactobacillus salivarius LS97, based on animal models, is the effective inhibition of Streptococcus mutans (inhibition zone: 24.2 ± 1.9 mm) and Streptococcus sanguis (18.5 ± 1.2 mm). This inhibition outperforms some comparator strains in laboratory settings. There is potential for broader oral microbiome modulation and halitosis management, although direct evidence for LS97 is limited. Related Lactobacillus salivarius strains have been reviewed for oral health benefits, suggesting a possible connection. While animal data suggest potential for caries prevention, there is no robust human data for LS97. The clinical significance of the observed in vitro efficacy in humans is not yet established. Animal studies suggest rapid colonization and inhibition within hours to days, but the time course of benefits in humans is not well characterized.
How it works
Lactobacillus salivarius LS97 works primarily through competitive exclusion of pathogenic bacteria in the oral cavity. It produces antimicrobial substances such as lactic acid and bacteriocins, which inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria like Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguis. Additionally, LS97 may modulate local immune responses in the oral cavity, contributing to a healthier oral microbiome. The primary biological pathways involved include the inhibition of pathogenic oral bacteria and the alteration of the oral environment to favor beneficial bacteria. Since LS97 acts locally in the oral cavity, it is not absorbed systemically.
Side effects
Lactobacillus salivarius LS97 is generally considered safe, aligning with the safety profile of related Lactobacillus species. However, LS97-specific safety data are limited. No adverse effects have been reported in the available studies, but the limited scope of these studies means that uncommon or rare side effects cannot be ruled out. There are no known significant drug interactions, although a theoretical risk exists with immunosuppressants, as with all probiotics. There are no specific contraindications identified, but caution is advised in immunocompromised individuals. The safety of LS97 has not been established in pregnant or breastfeeding women, children, or immunocompromised individuals. Further research is needed to fully characterize the safety profile of LS97 in diverse populations.
Dosage
The minimum effective dose, optimal dosage ranges, and maximum safe dose of Lactobacillus salivarius LS97 have not been established in humans. Animal studies have used high concentrations, such as 1 × 10^8 CFU/mL. The best timing for administration is also not established, but it is likely best administered after oral hygiene practices to maximize colonization. Animal studies have used direct application to oral surfaces. Since LS97 acts locally, absorption factors are not applicable. There are no identified required cofactors. Due to the lack of human data, specific dosage recommendations cannot be provided, and caution is advised until more research is available.
FAQs
Is Lactobacillus salivarius LS97 available as a consumer supplement?
LS97 is not yet widely available as a consumer supplement. Most of the evidence supporting its potential benefits is currently preclinical, derived from in vitro and animal studies.
Is Lactobacillus salivarius LS97 safe?
While no adverse effects have been reported in studies, human safety data are limited. Caution is advised, especially for pregnant or breastfeeding women, children, and immunocompromised individuals.
When and how should I take Lactobacillus salivarius LS97?
The best timing and method of administration are not yet established. It is likely similar to other oral probiotics, best taken after brushing and flossing to maximize colonization.
What results can I expect from taking Lactobacillus salivarius LS97?
In animal models, LS97 has shown a significant reduction in cariogenic bacteria. However, the outcomes in humans are currently unknown due to the lack of clinical trials.
Can Lactobacillus salivarius LS97 replace standard oral hygiene practices?
No, LS97 is not a substitute for standard oral hygiene practices. Its efficacy in humans is not yet proven, and it should be considered an adjunct to, not a replacement for, brushing and flossing.
Research Sources
- https://patents.google.com/patent/WO2021103534A1/en – This patent application describes preclinical research on Lactobacillus salivarius LS97, including in vitro and animal studies. The key finding is that LS97 inhibits Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguis, with larger inhibition zones than comparator strains, suggesting potential for caries prevention. However, it is important to note that this is not a peer-reviewed RCT and is limited to animal and in vitro models, lacking human clinical validation.
- https://www.sciopen.com/article/10.12016/j.issn.2096-1456.202330447 – This narrative review summarizes research progress on Ligilactobacillus salivarius in oral health. While it provides context for the potential benefits of L. salivarius, it does not focus specifically on the LS97 strain. Therefore, while useful for understanding the broader implications of L. salivarius, it does not provide direct evidence for the efficacy of LS97.
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36600415/ – This systematic review and meta-analysis examines the use of probiotics for managing halitosis. While it includes Lactobacillus species, it does not specifically analyze LS97. The review suggests that probiotics may help manage halitosis, but the findings are generalized to related strains and do not provide direct evidence for the efficacy of LS97 in humans.
- https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0178868 – This study investigates the effect of probiotics on oral health. It provides evidence for the potential benefits of Lactobacillus strains in reducing oral pathogens. However, it does not focus specifically on the LS97 strain, so the results cannot be directly attributed to LS97.
- https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/medicine/articles/10.3389/fmed.2018.00124/full – This article discusses the role of probiotics in preventing and treating various diseases. It provides a general overview of the potential benefits of probiotics, including Lactobacillus species. However, it does not focus specifically on the LS97 strain, so the results cannot be directly attributed to LS97.
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