Lactobacillus Rhamnosus R0011nd
Also known as: LGG, *Lactobacillus rhamnosus* GG
Overview
*Lactobacillus rhamnosus* GG (LGG) is a well-researched probiotic strain belonging to the *Lactobacillus rhamnosus* species, predominantly found in the human gut and fermented foods. It is particularly known for its potential benefits in gastrointestinal health, including the prevention and treatment of antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) and acute gastroenteritis. Additionally, LGG has shown promise in promoting oral tolerance in children with cow's milk allergy (CMA). This strain is characterized by its high viability, stability, and well-documented safety profile, supported by extensive research comprising numerous randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and meta-analyses. While the evidence base is generally strong, certain studies exhibit methodological variations and heterogeneity.
Benefits
LGG provides several evidence-based benefits, notably in reducing the risk of AAD, which has been shown to drop from 22.4% to 12.3% in a meta-analysis (RR: 0.49, 95% CI: 0.29-0.83). It helps reduce the duration of diarrhea in acute gastroenteritis with a mean difference of -0.85 days (95% CI: -1.15 to -0.56). Additionally, LGG may promote oral tolerance in children with CMA, increasing the tolerance rate (RR: 2.22, 95% CI: 1.86-2.66). Despite these benefits being more pronounced in children, adults also may derive some advantages, albeit with less robust evidence overall. Furthermore, LGG may assist in reducing diarrhea incidence during *Helicobacter pylori* eradication therapy (RR: 0.26, 95% CI: 0.11-0.59).
How it works
LGG enhances gut health primarily through its ability to strengthen the gut barrier, modulate immune responses, and produce antimicrobial substances. By influencing cytokine production and improving intestinal permeability, it fosters a healthier gut environment. LGG's interaction with epithelial cells and its potential effects on the gut-brain axis suggest a multifaceted approach to promoting gastrointestinal health.
Side effects
LGG is considered generally safe for both children and adults with mild adverse effects like bloating and gas occurring in over 5% of cases. More serious gastrointestinal issues or allergic reactions are uncommon, presenting in 1-5% of individuals. Extremely rare instances of severe adverse events have been noted, particularly infections in immunocompromised patients. Though no significant drug interactions have been reported, caution is required for those with weakened immune systems. While contraindications are limited, it is advisable for pregnant or breastfeeding individuals to consult healthcare providers.
Dosage
The recommended minimum effective dose of LGG for preventing AAD and reducing diarrhea is typically 10^9 CFU daily, while optimal dosages range from 10^9 to 10^10 CFU daily. There is no established maximum safe dose, although doses above 10^10 CFU per day are generally unnecessary. For best results, LGG should be taken alongside antibiotic therapy or at the onset of gastrointestinal symptoms. Various forms of LGG are available, including capsules, powders, and fermented foods, with food consumption not significantly affecting its absorption.
FAQs
Is LGG safe for everyone?
LGG is generally considered safe; however, individuals with severe immunocompromised conditions should consult healthcare providers before use.
When is the best time to take LGG?
For optimal benefits, LGG should be taken concurrently with antibiotics or at the onset of gastrointestinal symptoms.
What results can I expect from using LGG?
Users can expect a reduction in AAD incidence, a shorter duration of diarrhea, and potential improvements in tolerance to cow's milk allergy.
Can LGG cure gastrointestinal issues?
LGG is not a cure-all; its effects are strain-specific and should not replace other treatments for gastrointestinal disorders.
Research Sources
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26365389/ – This systematic review with meta-analysis involved 12 RCTs and 1499 participants. It evaluated the effect of LGG in reducing the risk of AAD, highlighting significant benefits in children (RR: 0.48, 95% CI: 0.26-0.89).
- https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/medicine/articles/10.3389/fmed.2018.00124/full – Another systematic review with meta-analysis comprising 18 RCTs involved 4208 children, demonstrating LGG's efficacy in reducing diarrhea duration in children (mean difference: -0.85 days, 95% CI: -1.15 to -0.56).
- https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pediatrics/articles/10.3389/fped.2021.727127/full – This meta-analysis of 5 studies (565 children) focused on LGG's role in promoting oral tolerance for CMA, demonstrating a significant increase in tolerance rates (RR: 2.22, 95% CI: 1.86-2.66).
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31025399/ – This study systematically reviewed the effectiveness of LGG in various gastrointestinal contexts, including its potential to mitigate risks associated with antibiotic treatments.
- https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/3/682 – This source evaluates LGG's biochemical mechanisms and its interactions within the gut microbiome, shedding light on its therapeutic potentials.
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