Jamu Myrth
Also known as: Myrrh, Jamu Myrth, Commiphora molmol, Commiphora resin, Myrrh resin, Commiphora myrrha
Overview
Myrrh is a natural resin derived from trees of the *Commiphora* genus, primarily *Commiphora myrrha*, native to regions of Northern Africa and the Middle East. Harvested as a sap-like substance, it possesses a characteristic sweet and smoky aroma and has been traditionally used for various medicinal purposes. These include pain relief, wound healing, anti-inflammatory applications, and antimicrobial effects. As a component of traditional herbal medicine blends, such as Jamu in Indonesian medicine, myrrh contains bioactive compounds that exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and potentially anticancer properties. While its traditional use is well-established, scientific evidence supporting these claims is still emerging, with a need for more high-quality clinical trials to validate its efficacy and safety.
Benefits
Myrrh exhibits several potential health benefits supported by varying degrees of scientific evidence. It demonstrates antioxidant activity, with myrrh oil showing stronger free radical scavenging capabilities than vitamin E in vitro and protecting against lead-induced liver oxidative damage in animal studies. Some studies suggest pain relief, potentially through interaction with opioid receptors and reduction of inflammatory mediators; one study reported a two-thirds reduction in headache pain with a multi-ingredient supplement containing myrrh compounds. Additionally, myrrh displays antimicrobial activity against bacteria, parasites, and fungi, supporting its traditional use for infections. Preliminary in vitro research also indicates possible anticancer effects, with extracts showing cytotoxicity against gynecologic cancer cells. However, more rigorous clinical trials are needed to confirm these benefits and determine their clinical significance.
How it works
Myrrh's mechanism of action involves several biological pathways. It interacts with opioid receptors, modulating pain perception. It inhibits inflammatory mediators such as cytokines and prostaglandins, contributing to its anti-inflammatory effects. Myrrh also exhibits antioxidant activity by scavenging free radicals. Its antimicrobial effects may stem from disrupting microbial cell membranes or metabolic pathways. These actions primarily affect the nervous system (pain modulation), the immune system (anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial responses), and the hepatic system (protection against oxidative damage). Key molecular targets include opioid receptors, inflammatory enzymes like COX, and reactive oxygen species. However, limited data exists on human pharmacokinetics, and the oral bioavailability of active compounds is not well-characterized.
Side effects
Myrrh is generally considered safe when used topically or in traditional doses, but oral ingestion of myrrh oil is not recommended due to potential toxicity. Common side effects include mild gastrointestinal discomfort with oral use and possible allergic reactions with topical application. Uncommon side effects may include skin irritation or sensitization. Rare side effects include a potential bleeding risk due to anticoagulant effects and contraindication during pregnancy due to uterine stimulant properties. Myrrh may interact with anticoagulants and antiplatelet drugs, requiring caution. It is contraindicated in pregnancy, bleeding disorders, and possibly in patients on blood thinners. Insufficient data exists regarding its safety in children and pregnant or breastfeeding women.
Dosage
There are no standardized dosing guidelines for myrrh. The minimum effective dose is not well established, and clinical trials with myrrh alone are lacking. Traditional use varies widely. The maximum safe dose is not defined, and excessive ingestion of myrrh oil is toxic. Myrrh is typically used as needed for pain or inflammation, while traditional formulations like Jamu are consumed regularly for health maintenance. Topical application of myrrh-containing products is common, but oral use should be approached cautiously and under supervision. Bioavailability data is lacking, and formulation (emulsion, oil, resin) affects absorption. There are no established required cofactors.
FAQs
Is Jamu Myrth the same as myrrh?
Jamu Myrth likely refers to a traditional herbal formulation containing myrrh resin among other ingredients. Myrrh itself is the resin from *Commiphora* trees.
Is it safe to ingest myrrh?
Oral ingestion of myrrh resin in traditional doses is common, but myrrh oil ingestion is not recommended due to toxicity risk. Topical use is generally safer.
How quickly does it relieve pain?
Pain relief may occur within days to weeks. Evidence from multi-ingredient supplements suggests months for significant effects.
Does it cure infections?
Myrrh has antimicrobial properties but should not replace conventional treatments for infections. Consult a healthcare professional for appropriate medical care.
Can it be used during pregnancy?
No, myrrh may stimulate uterine contractions and is contraindicated during pregnancy. Avoid use during pregnancy.
Research Sources
- https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-570/myrrh – This WebMD article provides general information about myrrh, including its uses, potential benefits, and safety precautions. It serves as a basic overview but lacks in-depth scientific analysis.
- https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/267107 – This Medical News Today article discusses the potential health benefits of myrrh, including its anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties. It offers a summary of research findings but does not delve into the methodological details of the studies.
- http://pakdosen.unhas.ac.id/storage/dokumen/artikel-1682561990-25.%20The%20Relation%20Between%20Jamu%20(Traditional%20Herbs).pdf – This article discusses the relationship between Jamu and traditional herbs, providing context for the use of myrrh within Indonesian traditional medicine. It highlights the cultural significance and traditional applications of Jamu formulations.
- http://www.thejakartapost.com/paper/2020/11/23/never-mind-its-shocking-taste-drinking-jamu-is-good-for-you.html – This article from The Jakarta Post discusses the health benefits of drinking Jamu, emphasizing its role in traditional Indonesian wellness practices. It provides anecdotal evidence and cultural context for the use of Jamu.
- https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/myrrh-oil – This Healthline article focuses on myrrh oil, detailing its potential benefits and uses. It provides a general overview of the oil's properties and traditional applications.
- – An animal study published in Food and Chemical Toxicology found that myrrh emulsion protected rat livers from oxidative damage caused by lead exposure, demonstrating significant antioxidant activity. The study's limitations include the animal model and the lack of human data, making it difficult to directly translate the findings to human health benefits.
- – A study published in the Journal of Medicinal Plants Research found that extracts of *Commiphora myrrha* showed cytotoxic effects on human cancer cell lines in vitro, suggesting potential anticancer properties. However, the absence of clinical trials means that the efficacy of myrrh in treating cancer in humans remains unconfirmed.
- – A human study lasting six months found that participants prone to headaches experienced approximately a two-thirds reduction in pain intensity when taking a multi-ingredient supplement containing myrrh compounds. The study's limitations include the multi-ingredient formulation and the lack of replication, making it difficult to isolate the specific effects of myrrh.
