Inositol Hexaniacinate
Also known as: hexanicotinoyl inositol, inositol hexaniacinate, inositol hexanicotinate, niacin bound to inositol, Inositol Hexaniacinate
Overview
Inositol hexaniacinate is a synthetic compound formed by esterifying six nicotinic acid (niacin) molecules to a single inositol molecule. It provides the benefits of niacin without the flushing effect associated with direct niacin supplementation. It is primarily utilized in dietary supplements to manage conditions like hyperlipidemia and Raynaud syndrome, as well as to enhance blood circulation. The body metabolizes this compound to release niacin, contributing to improved lipid profiles, reduced inflammation, and enhanced blood flow. While moderate research supports its efficacy, further studies are required to fully establish its benefits and safety profile, focusing on its effectiveness over various treatment durations and conditions.
Benefits
Inositol hexaniacinate is associated with several evidence-based benefits. A systematic review found significant reductions in systolic blood pressure by an average of 5.69 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure by 7.12 mmHg. Additionally, it has moderate evidence for lowering cholesterol levels, particularly helpful for individuals with hyperlipidemia, despite inconsistent findings across studies. Furthermore, clinical trials suggest it may alleviate symptoms of Raynaud syndrome, enhance walking distances, and benefit dermatological conditions like acne and hirsutism, especially in women with PCOS. The duration of treatment necessary for these effects typically ranges from several weeks to months, with clinical significance in blood pressure reductions noted in the literature.
How it works
Inositol hexaniacinate exerts its effects primarily by releasing niacin upon metabolism. Niacin modulates lipid metabolism by inhibiting very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) secretion while increasing high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels. It interacts with the GPR109A receptor, influencing inflammatory pathways and promoting blood flow. This comprehensive mechanism supports cardiovascular health and may also benefit skin conditions, although the specifics of its bioavailability and absorption are not well-defined, necessitating further inquiry into these dynamics.
Side effects
Inositol hexaniacinate is usually well-tolerated, with a few potential side effects. Common side effects experienced by more than 5% of users include gastrointestinal upset, gas, and nausea. Less frequently, headaches are reported (1-5%), while rare adverse effects (<1%) can include liver damage, particularly at high dosages. Caution is recommended for individuals on anticoagulant medications, as it may increase bleeding risks. Moreover, safety data for its use in pregnant or breastfeeding women is limited. It may also pose risks for those with peptic ulcers or bleeding disorders. Discontinuing use at least two weeks before surgical procedures is advised to mitigate any possible bleeding complications.
Dosage
The recommended minimum effective dose for inositol hexaniacinate typically starts at 1-2 grams per day. For specific conditions, such as Raynaud syndrome and hyperlipidemia, dosages can range up to 4 grams daily. Although no established maximum safe dosage exists, intake exceeding 4 grams may elevate the risk of side effects, particularly liver damage. This supplement can be taken at any time, but taking it with food is preferred to minimize gastrointestinal discomfort. It is most commonly available in oral supplement form, with some topical applications also employed for certain skin conditions.
FAQs
Is inositol hexaniacinate safe?
Generally, it is safe for most people but should be used cautiously in those with certain conditions, such as bleeding disorders.
When should I take inositol hexaniacinate?
It can be taken at any time, but it is advisable to take it with meals to minimize gastrointestinal side effects.
What can I expect in terms of results?
Improvements in symptoms related to blood pressure and lipid levels can take several weeks to manifest.
Will I experience flushing?
While it is designed to minimize flushing, some individuals may still experience this with inositol hexaniacinate.
Research Sources
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3339057/ – This systematic review evaluated the cardiovascular effects of niacin and its derivatives, noting that inositol hexaniacinate may lead to reductions in blood pressure and cholesterol levels. The findings highlighted its potential benefits in managing hyperlipidemia and improving overall cardiovascular health, suggesting a need for further rigorous trials.
- https://www.ssrn.com/abstract=2874634 – In a clinical trial focused on Raynaud syndrome, inositol hexaniacinate demonstrated improved circulation and reduced symptoms associated with the condition. The paper concluded that its use may be beneficial in clinical settings for patients experiencing Raynaud's episodes.
Supplements Containing Inositol Hexaniacinate
Extend Plus
Vitamin Research Products
Stress Shield
Country Life
No-Flush Niacin (Inositol Hexanicotinate) 500 mg
Solgar
No-Flush Niacin (Inositol Hexanicotinate) 500 mg
Solgar
Flush Free Niacin 500 mg
Swanson
Triple Action Stress Shield
Country Life
No-Flush Niacin 500 mg
Solgar