Horny Goat Weed Aerial Parts Extract
Also known as: Epimedium, Horny goat weed, Yin yang huo, Fairy wings, Rowdy lamb herb, Barrenwort, Bishop's hat, Epimedium grandiflorum
Overview
Horny goat weed, derived from the *Epimedium* genus, is a traditional Chinese medicine used for its potential aphrodisiac and health-enhancing properties. *Epimedium grandiflorum* is one of the most studied species. The plant contains flavonoids, notably icariin, believed to be responsible for its effects. Traditionally, it's been used for erectile dysfunction, osteoporosis, and as a general tonic. Modern applications explore its potential benefits for cardiovascular health and menopausal symptoms. Research is primarily based on animal and *in vitro* studies, with limited robust human trials. Therefore, the quality of available evidence is generally low, necessitating further well-designed human studies to validate its efficacy and safety.
Benefits
Some studies suggest potential improvements in bone mineral density and cardiovascular health, but these findings are largely based on animal or *in vitro* data. Limited evidence indicates it may help reduce cholesterol and triglyceride levels in postmenopausal women. The effect sizes and clinical significance are not well established due to the lack of robust human studies. Potential benefits for postmenopausal women regarding bone health and lipid profiles have been noted. Overall, the benefits are largely anecdotal and not consistently supported by strong scientific evidence, requiring further validation through human trials.
How it works
Horny goat weed's mechanism of action primarily involves the inhibition of phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5), similar to sildenafil (Viagra), which may enhance erectile function. Icariin, a key component, targets PDE-5 and potentially influences nitric oxide synthase activity. Additionally, it exhibits potential anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. The supplement may affect the cardiovascular and reproductive systems. However, the absorption and bioavailability of its active compounds in humans are not well studied, limiting a complete understanding of its systemic effects.
Side effects
Horny goat weed is generally considered safe for short-term use, but long-term safety and interactions with medications are not well understood. Common side effects include minor gastrointestinal issues like nausea and abdominal discomfort. Uncommon side effects (1-5%) may involve abnormal heart rhythms and skin rashes, especially when combined with other supplements or medications. Rare side effects (<1%) include severe breathing problems. Potential drug interactions exist with anticoagulants, blood pressure medications, and certain antibiotics. It is contraindicated during pregnancy and lactation due to insufficient safety data. Caution is advised for individuals with cardiovascular conditions or those taking interacting medications.
Dosage
The minimum effective dose is not well established; some studies suggest benefits with low doses of icariin (e.g., 60 mg/day). Estimated human doses based on animal studies range from 11-180 mg icariin per day, depending on body weight. The maximum safe dose is not clearly defined. There are no specific timing recommendations available. It is typically consumed as an extract. Absorption factors are not well studied. Consult a healthcare provider before use, especially if taking medications or having health conditions.
FAQs
Is horny goat weed safe to use?
It is generally considered safe for short-term use, but long-term safety is not well understood. Consult a healthcare provider before use, especially if you have existing health conditions or are taking medications.
Can horny goat weed help with erectile dysfunction?
It is often believed to be effective for erectile dysfunction, but human evidence is lacking. Most evidence comes from animal studies, and more research is needed to confirm its efficacy in humans.
Are there any side effects?
Common side effects include minor gastrointestinal issues like nausea. Uncommon side effects may include abnormal heart rhythms and skin rashes. Rare side effects include severe breathing problems. Discontinue use if you experience any adverse effects.
Can I take horny goat weed if I am pregnant or breastfeeding?
No, avoid use during pregnancy and lactation due to insufficient safety data. It is important to prioritize safety during these periods and consult with a healthcare provider for alternatives.
How should I take horny goat weed?
There are no specific timing guidelines available. It is typically consumed as an extract. Consult a healthcare provider for personalized recommendations based on your health status and needs.
Research Sources
- https://examine.com/supplements/horny-goat-weed/ – Examine.com provides a general overview of horny goat weed, summarizing available research on its potential benefits and side effects. It highlights that much of the evidence is preliminary and based on animal studies, emphasizing the need for more human trials to confirm its efficacy and safety.
- https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/317023 – Medical News Today discusses the traditional uses of horny goat weed and its potential health benefits, including its purported effects on erectile dysfunction and bone health. The article notes that while some studies show promise, more rigorous research is needed to substantiate these claims and understand the mechanisms of action.
- https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-699/horny-goat-weed – WebMD provides information on horny goat weed, including its uses, effectiveness, side effects, and interactions. It cautions that the evidence supporting many of its purported benefits is limited and advises consulting with a healthcare professional before use, especially for individuals with existing health conditions or those taking medications.
- https://www.drugs.com/npp/horny-goat-weed.html – Drugs.com offers comprehensive information on horny goat weed, covering its uses, potential benefits, side effects, and interactions. It emphasizes the need for more high-quality research to confirm its efficacy and safety, particularly in human trials, and advises caution due to potential drug interactions.
- https://www.healthline.com/health/erectile-dysfunction/horny-goat-weed – Healthline discusses horny goat weed as a potential treatment for erectile dysfunction, highlighting its traditional use and the presence of icariin. The article notes that while some studies suggest potential benefits, more research is needed to confirm its effectiveness and safety, and it advises consulting with a healthcare provider before use.
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