Hops Strobile Hydroethanolic Extract
Also known as: Hops, Hop strobile, *Humulus lupulus* L.
Overview
*Humulus lupulus*, commonly known as hops, is a perennial climbing plant whose female flower cones (strobiles) are utilized primarily as herbal extracts. Historically cultivated for introducing bitter flavors in beer, hops are recognized for their medicinal properties that include sedative, anxiolytic, and antimicrobial effects, particularly effective against methicillin-resistant *Staphylococcus aureus* (MRSA). Key active compounds in the extract include α-bitter acids, β-bitter acids, xanthohumol, and various volatile oils that contribute to its therapeutic effects. Research surrounding hops extract is moderately mature with a mixture of preclinical and a few notable clinical studies, highlighting its potential but underscoring the need for further rigorous trials to confirm efficacy and safety.
Benefits
Hops strobile extract exhibits several evidence-based benefits: 1. **Sedative Effects**: Demonstrated in animal studies, enhancing sleep quality when administered at doses as low as 10 mg/kg. Evidence from preclinical studies supports significant sedative activity. 2. **Anxiolytic Effects**: While preliminary evidence suggests potential for anxiety reduction, the data remain less conclusive. Interactions with GABA metabolism indicate possible efficacy. 3. **Antimicrobial Activity**: Strong bactericidal effects against MRSA in vitro, with minimum bactericidal concentrations ranging from 0.39% to 0.01% based on extraction method. Overall, animal studies show strong effects, particularly for sedation, but human clinical validation is limited.
How it works
The mechanism of action for hops strobile extract involves modulation of the central nervous system, particularly through enhancing GABA receptor activity, which facilitates sedation and may reduce anxiety. Additionally, bioactive compounds like α-bitter acids and xanthohumol demonstrate antimicrobial properties that disrupt bacterial cell functions. The extract's interaction with serotonin levels is also a notable area of interest, although less comprehensively understood. Absorption and efficacy of these compounds can be significantly influenced by the extraction method utilized, especially when high ethanol concentrations are employed.
Side effects
Hops strobile extract is generally regarded as safe when consumed in moderate amounts, particularly through food products like beer. However, potential side effects include: 1. **Common effects (>5%)**: Drowsiness and sedation, primarily due to central nervous system activity. 2. **Uncommon effects (1-5%)**: Gastrointestinal disturbances and allergic reactions have been reported. 3. **Rare effects (<1%)**: Limited data on rare adverse effects exists; however, heightened risks may be indicated with concurrent use of sedatives or antidepressants. Drug interactions include enhancing the effects of CNS depressants. Should be used cautiously in individuals with mood disorders or on related medications. Pregnant or breastfeeding women are advised to limit use due to insufficient data.
Dosage
The minimum effective dose for sedative effects has been observed at 10 mg/kg in preclinical studies. Human dosage ranges from 100 mg to 500 mg per day, often standardized to specific percentages of active constituents like α-acids. Though no formal maximum safe dose is established, exceeding 1 gram daily is typically discouraged due to the lack of safety data. For optimal sedative effects, it is recommended to take the extract before bedtime. Absorption rates are notably improved with ethanol-based extractions, especially at higher concentrations. No specific cofactors are needed to enhance efficacy.
FAQs
Is hops extract safe?
Generally safe in moderate amounts, but caution is advised for certain populations and when combined with CNS medications.
When is the best time to take hops extract?
It is best taken before bedtime to leverage its sedative properties.
What effects can I expect when using hops extract?
Users may experience sedative and possibly anxiolytic effects, though responses can vary individually.
Can I substitute hops extract for prescribed medications?
No, it should not replace medical treatment for anxiety or insomnia; consult a healthcare provider before use.
Research Sources
- https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/7/12/523 – This study investigates the sedative and anxiolytic effects of hops strobile extract in preclinical models, highlighting the activity of specific bioactive compounds. Results indicate significant enhancement of pentobarbital-induced sleep at low doses.
- https://openpublishing.library.umass.edu/jmap/article/1780/galley/1738/download/ – This in vitro study demonstrates the antimicrobial efficacy of hops extract against MRSA, with findings providing minimum bactericidal concentrations varying by extraction efficiency. It emphasizes the extract's strong bactericidal properties.
- https://www.researchgate.net/publication/356580314_Traditional_Herbal_Remedies_Used_for_Managing_Anxiety – A review that encompasses traditional herbal remedies for managing anxiety, examining hops' potential and safety profile. It consolidates findings from various studies, suggesting a cautious approach due to limited clinical data.
- https://www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/HumLup042017TR.pdf – A comprehensive safety assessment of hops strobile concluding its high safety profile at moderate doses while noting limited long-term data. It outlines commonly observed side effects, primarily sedation.
- https://www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/HumLup092017final.pdf – This document reviews the traditional uses and safety of hops extract, highlighting its widespread culinary use while cautioning about the potential for side effects and drug interactions.
