Hops Hydroethanolic Extract
Also known as: Hops, Hop plant, *Humulus lupulus*
Overview
Hops are the flowers of the *Humulus lupulus* plant, commonly used in the brewing industry for flavoring and preservation. Hydroethanolic extracts, created from a mixture of ethanol and water, help retain a range of bioactive compounds, including α-acids, β-acids, iso-α-acids, phenolic compounds, and flavonoids. The extract is recognized for its anxiolytic, antimicrobial, and antifungal properties. While traditional medicine has used hops for their sedative effects, evidence from in vitro and limited animal studies supports these claims. The current research maturity ranges from moderate to advanced, indicating a promising potential for health applications, particularly in anxiety management and infection prevention.
Benefits
Research shows that hops extracts possess several health benefits: 1) Antimicrobial Activity: Effective against various bacteria, particularly *Staphylococcus aureus* and *Lactobacillus acidophilus*, with a minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) as low as 1.4 µM against *L. brevis*. 2) Antifungal Activity: Xanthohumol from hops exhibits antifungal properties against various species. 3) Anxiolytic Effects: Supported by traditional use and preliminary animal studies, though human data remain limited. The antimicrobial and antifungal properties particularly benefit general health and the mental well-being of individuals with anxiety disorders. The evidence’s quality is high for antimicrobial effects, based on solid in vitro studies, but needs further human clinical trials for anxiolytic claims.
How it works
The antimicrobial activity of hops extracts, primarily attributed to α-acids and β-acids, occurs through their incorporation into bacterial cell membranes, leading to proton exchange and reduced nutrient uptake, culminating in bacterial cell death. Xanthohumol exerts antifungal effects by interacting with fungal cell membranes, disrupting membrane integrity. Anxiolytic effects may involve interactions with neurotransmitter systems, although the precise mechanisms remain unclear.
Side effects
Hops extracts are generally considered safe in moderate doses; however, they can cause gastrointestinal issues such as nausea and stomach discomfort (common side effects). Less frequent adverse reactions include drowsiness and allergic responses. Severe allergic reactions are rare. Caution is warranted when combined with sedatives, antidepressants, or other CNS depressants. Contraindications include pregnancy, breastfeeding, and a history of allergies to hops. Special populations, such as children and the elderly, should consult healthcare providers before use due to potential sensitivities.
Dosage
The effective dosage of hops extracts varies based on the application. For antimicrobial effects, minimum effective concentrations can be as low as 1.4 µM. For anxiolytic benefits, dosages typically range from 100-500 mg of hydroethanolic extract per day, with a maximum not commonly exceeding 1000 mg daily. For optimal efficacy, it is best taken before bedtime. Absorption may improve when consumed with fatty meals. No specific cofactors are necessary, although other herbal supplements may impact the extract's effectiveness.
FAQs
Are hops extracts safe?
Hops extracts are generally safe when used appropriately, but pregnant or breastfeeding women, as well as individuals with allergies, should be cautious.
When should I take hops extracts?
For anxiolytic effects, it is beneficial to take hops extracts before bedtime.
How quickly can I expect results?
Antimicrobial effects appear rapidly, while anxiolytic benefits may take several days to manifest.
Can hops replace medication for anxiety?
Hops are not a substitute for prescribed medical treatment and should be used under professional guidance.
Research Sources
- https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/1/120 – This in vitro study assessed the antimicrobial properties of various hop genotypes against *Staphylococcus aureus* and *Lactobacillus acidophilus*, revealing strong activity with MIC values as low as 1.4 µM for humulinic acid.
- https://www.scielo.br/j/rbfar/a/fTmfLSbh7yYMshYKMtm7SZc/?lang=en – The study characterized the constituents of hydroethanolic extracts of *Humulus lupulus*, focusing on oxidized hop bitter acids and flavonoids, using advanced analytical techniques.
- https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/6/1605 – This research highlighted the antifungal activity of hops extracts, particularly xanthohumol, demonstrating its efficacy against various fungal species indicated by significant findings.
