Holy Basil Leaf Co2 Supercritical Extract
Also known as: Ocimum sanctum, Holy Basil, Tulsi, Holy Basil Leaf Co2 Supercritical Extract, Ocimum tenuiflorum
Overview
Ocimum tenuiflorum, commonly known as Holy Basil or Tulsi, is a revered medicinal herb in Ayurvedic medicine, traditionally used for its adaptogenic properties, stress relief, immune support, and respiratory health benefits. The CO2 Supercritical Extract (SFE-CO2) is a modern, solvent-free extraction method that utilizes supercritical carbon dioxide under controlled temperature and pressure. This process yields a highly concentrated extract rich in bioactive compounds such as eugenol, ursolic acid, and various terpenoids. This advanced extraction technique is preferred for its ability to preserve thermolabile compounds, which are sensitive to heat, better than traditional methods, and for avoiding residues from organic solvents. Research on Holy Basil extract, particularly its adaptogenic and stress-relieving effects, is moderately mature, with several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) supporting its efficacy. While the quality of evidence varies, some RCTs meet rigorous standards, though meta-analyses specifically focusing on CO2 extracts are still limited.
Benefits
Holy Basil CO2 Supercritical Extract offers significant benefits primarily in stress reduction and mood improvement. A high-quality randomized controlled trial demonstrated that 8 weeks of supplementation with a standardized *Ocimum tenuiflorum* extract led to a significant reduction in perceived stress scale (PSS) scores (p=0.003), insomnia severity (AIS, p=0.025), and hair cortisol levels (p=0.025) compared to a placebo group. Beyond subjective improvements, the extract also improved physiological stress markers, including lower salivary cortisol and amylase, and reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressure during stress exposure (p-values ranging from 0.001 to 0.025). These benefits are particularly relevant for adults experiencing psychological stress and mild insomnia. The observed effect sizes were statistically significant, indicating clinically relevant improvements in both stress biomarkers and subjective well-being, including sleep quality. Benefits typically manifest after approximately 8 weeks of consistent daily supplementation.
How it works
Holy Basil's therapeutic effects are primarily mediated by its rich array of bioactive compounds, including eugenol and ursolic acid. These compounds modulate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, which is the body's central stress response system, leading to a reduction in cortisol release and sympathetic nervous system activity. The extract also exhibits antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, contributing to neuroprotection and mood stabilization. The CO2 supercritical extraction method is crucial as it preserves both volatile and non-volatile phytochemicals, enhancing their bioavailability and overall efficacy. Furthermore, Holy Basil is believed to interact with various neurotransmitter systems, such as GABAergic and serotonergic pathways, which are vital for regulating stress and sleep, although the precise molecular targets require further investigation.
Side effects
Holy Basil CO2 Supercritical Extracts are generally well-tolerated, with no major adverse effects reported in controlled clinical trials. Mild gastrointestinal discomfort or allergic reactions are rare but possible. There are no significant drug interactions or contraindications that have been documented in high-quality studies. However, data on special populations, such as pregnant or breastfeeding individuals, are insufficient, and caution is advised in these groups. Overall, the safety profile appears favorable, with no reported toxicity at the doses studied in clinical research. It is always recommended to consult a healthcare professional before starting any new supplement, especially if you have pre-existing health conditions or are taking other medications.
Dosage
Effective dosages for Holy Basil CO2 Supercritical Extract, as observed in randomized controlled trials, typically range from 250 mg to 500 mg daily for stress and sleep benefits. The optimal dosage can vary depending on the extract's standardization and concentration of active compounds, with CO2 extracts generally having higher potency. For best results, daily administration is recommended, preferably in the morning or early evening to support the body's natural circadian rhythm. While there is no established maximum safe dose, clinical studies have not reported toxicity at the dosages investigated. Absorption may be enhanced when taken with meals, though no specific cofactors are required. It is important to adhere to the recommended dosage on the product label or as advised by a healthcare professional.
FAQs
Is Holy Basil CO2 extract safe for long-term use?
Current evidence supports its safety for up to 8 weeks of use. Longer-term studies are limited, so consultation with a healthcare provider for extended use is recommended.
How quickly can stress relief be expected?
Clinical improvements in stress and sleep parameters are typically noted after 4 to 8 weeks of consistent daily supplementation.
Does CO2 extraction improve efficacy?
Yes, CO2 extraction preserves sensitive bioactive compounds better than traditional methods, potentially enhancing the extract's overall efficacy and potency.
Can it be combined with other adaptogens?
While likely safe, combining Holy Basil CO2 extract with other adaptogens requires clinical confirmation and should be done under the guidance of a healthcare professional.
Research Sources
- https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9524226/ – This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial demonstrated that an 8-week supplementation with *Ocimum tenuiflorum* CO2 extract significantly reduced perceived stress, insomnia severity, and hair cortisol levels in stressed adults. It also improved physiological stress markers, supporting the extract's adaptogenic and stress-reducing benefits.
- https://revroum.lew.ro/wp-content/uploads/2002/01/Art%2004.pdf – This source discusses the analytical aspects of supercritical CO2 extraction, highlighting optimal conditions (pressure >30 MPa, temperature ~40°C) for maximizing yield and preserving bioactive compounds in basil leaves. This supports the quality and phytochemical integrity of CO2 extracts used in clinical studies.
- https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018MS&E..358a2037H/abstract – This research focuses on the engineering and process parameters of supercritical CO2 extraction, emphasizing its efficiency in extracting valuable compounds from plant materials. It underscores the method's ability to produce high-quality extracts with preserved bioactivity, relevant to Holy Basil's efficacy.
- https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11359946/ – This article likely provides further insights into the chemical composition and extraction methods for plant-derived compounds, reinforcing the benefits of CO2 supercritical extraction for preserving the integrity and concentration of active ingredients in herbal extracts like Holy Basil.