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Goldenseal Root Extract; Dry

Also known as: goldenseal, goldseal, Orangewort, Indian turmeric, yellow root, Hydrastis canadensis

Overview

Goldenseal (*Hydrastis canadensis*) is a perennial herb predominantly found in North America. The medicinal properties are primarily derived from its rhizome, which contains various alkaloids, particularly berberine. Traditionally, goldenseal has been used for its antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects, often aimed at treating gastrointestinal disorders, skin and eye infections, and it has garnered attention as a potential anticancer agent. Current research into goldenseal, while suggestive, remains largely centered around animal studies and in vitro experiments, with a noted lack of substantial clinical trials in humans, emphasizing the need for further investigation to validate its therapeutic efficacy.

Benefits

Evidence suggests that goldenseal possesses notable antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties, which may be beneficial in treating infections and certain inflammatory conditions. Secondary potential benefits include hypolipidemic, hypoglycemic, antioxidant, neuroprotective, and cardioprotective effects, although these claims lack strong clinical backing. Individuals with diabetes or cardiovascular issues may experience some alleviation of symptoms, yet firm clinical validation is still required. The overall clinical significance of these benefits remains unclear due to the insufficiency of comprehensive human trials, leading to the categorization of many of these effects as theoretical.

How it works

Goldenseal primarily exerts its effects through the modulation of the cytochrome P450 system, affecting drug metabolism by influencing the activities of enzymes CYP2D6 and CYP3A4/5. Berberine, the main active alkaloid, interacts with various molecular targets that govern glucose metabolism and inflammation among other biological pathways. However, berberine's poor absorption may inhibit its effectiveness, with certain formulations potentially enhancing bioavailability and consequently its physiological effects.

Side effects

Goldenseal is generally regarded as safe when used at recommended dosages, with side effects being uncommon. However, high doses can lead to adverse effects such as nausea, anxiety, and depression. Severe reactions like seizures or paralysis have been reported but are extremely rare. Caution is warranted in individuals using medications metabolized by the CYP2D6 and CYP3A4/5 pathways, as interactions may pose risks. Goldenseal is contraindicated during pregnancy due to the potential for uterine stimulation, and it is not recommended during lactation due to a lack of safety information.

Dosage

There is no firmly established minimum effective dose for goldenseal, though traditional practices recommend a daily dosage range of 250 mg to 1 g of dried root extract. For optimal effects, 250 mg to 1 g taken three times a day is commonly advised. While no upper limit is definitively set, excessive doses may lead to undesirable effects. There are no specific guidelines on when to take goldenseal, and it is available in multiple forms, including dried rhizomes and liquid extracts, which may affect absorption rates.

FAQs

What should I be cautious of when using goldenseal?

Be aware of potential interactions with medications, especially those metabolized by CYP450 enzymes.

Is it safe to use goldenseal during pregnancy?

Goldenseal should be avoided during pregnancy due to its potential to stimulate the uterus.

Is there a specific time of day to take goldenseal?

No specific timing is recommended; take as advised on the product label.

How long will it take to see benefits from goldenseal?

The onset of effects may vary and could take several weeks based on usage.

Can goldenseal cause you to fail a drug test?

It's a common misconception, as it does not mask drug tests—no evidence supports this claim.

Research Sources

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17571110 – This study examines the antibacterial properties of berberine derived from goldenseal, noting its antimicrobial effects against various bacterial strains. The methodology included in vitro assays to elucidate the spectrum of activity and established berberine's potential therapeutic roles.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19457835 – This review covers the pharmacological effects of goldenseal and its constituents, focusing on berberine's various biological actions, including anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. The authors emphasize the need for human trials to substantiate the animal and in vitro findings.