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Ginkgo biloba leaf dry

Also known as: Ginkgo biloba L., Maidenhair tree, Ginkgo, Ginkgo biloba

Overview

Ginkgo biloba leaf dry extract is derived from the dried leaves of the ancient Ginkgo biloba tree. It is widely recognized for its potential to enhance cognitive function, particularly in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). The extract contains active compounds such as flavonoids (e.g., quercetin, kaempferol) and terpenoids (ginkgolides, bilobalide), which contribute to its therapeutic effects. These effects include antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and vasoregulatory properties. Research on Ginkgo biloba is extensive, with numerous randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses supporting its use for cognitive and circulatory conditions. While the quality of evidence varies by indication, it is strongest for its benefits in cognitive impairment and dementia-related outcomes, making it a prominent botanical supplement in this area.

Benefits

Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) offers several evidence-based benefits, primarily for cognitive function. Meta-analyses indicate that GBE, especially at 240 mg/day, can significantly improve cognitive function in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD), showing improvements in dementia screening tools like MMSE. For dementia patients, GBE combined with donepezil has demonstrated better improvement in activities of daily living (ADL) compared to donepezil alone. Furthermore, GBE has shown promise in reducing positive symptoms in schizophrenia and improving cognitive and functional outcomes in dementia, with moderate effect sizes. Some emerging evidence also suggests GBE may improve oxygenation and reduce pulmonary infection recurrence in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, though more safety data are needed. The benefits are most robust in elderly patients experiencing cognitive decline or dementia, with effects typically manifesting over weeks to months of consistent treatment.

How it works

Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) exerts its therapeutic effects through multiple mechanisms. It acts as a potent antioxidant, scavenging free radicals and reducing oxidative stress, which protects neuronal cells. GBE also modulates various neurotransmitter systems, including serotonin and dopamine, contributing to its cognitive benefits. A key mechanism involves improving cerebral blood flow through vasodilation, enhancing oxygen and nutrient delivery to the brain. Additionally, the terpenoids, specifically ginkgolides, inhibit platelet-activating factor (PAF), which helps prevent blood clot formation and further improves circulation. At a molecular level, GBE interacts with mitochondrial pathways, inflammatory mediators, and neuronal signaling cascades, collectively supporting its neuroprotective and cognitive-enhancing properties. Standardized extracts ensure consistent levels of these active compounds for optimal efficacy.

Side effects

Ginkgo biloba leaf dry extract is generally well tolerated, but some side effects can occur. Common side effects, affecting more than 5% of users, include mild gastrointestinal discomfort, headaches, and dizziness. Less common side effects, occurring in 1-5% of individuals, may involve allergic skin reactions. Rare but serious side effects, affecting less than 1% of users, include bleeding complications, particularly when GBE is taken concurrently with antiplatelet or anticoagulant medications. Due to this risk, caution is advised, and GBE is contraindicated in individuals with bleeding disorders or those undergoing planned surgery. Safety data for pregnant and breastfeeding women are not well established, and its use is generally not recommended in these populations. Always consult a healthcare professional before combining GBE with other medications.

Dosage

For cognitive effects, a minimum effective dose of 120 mg/day of standardized Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) is often cited. However, the optimal dose for dementia and cognitive impairment is typically 240 mg/day, often in the form of a standardized extract like EGb 761. Some studies have used doses up to 360 mg/day without a significant increase in adverse events, suggesting this as a potential maximum safe dose. GBE is usually administered in divided doses throughout the day, preferably with meals, to enhance absorption. Standardized extracts, which have defined concentrations of active compounds like flavonoids and terpene lactones, are recommended to ensure consistent potency and efficacy. While absorption may be improved with food, no specific cofactors are required for its uptake.

FAQs

Is Ginkgo biloba effective for memory improvement in healthy adults?

Evidence for memory improvement in healthy adults is limited and inconsistent. The benefits of Ginkgo biloba are more clearly established in individuals with existing cognitive impairment or dementia.

How long before effects appear?

Cognitive benefits from Ginkgo biloba typically do not appear immediately. It usually requires several weeks to months of consistent supplementation before noticeable effects are observed.

Is it safe to combine with other medications?

Caution is advised when combining Ginkgo biloba with other medications, especially blood thinners (anticoagulants and antiplatelets), due to an increased risk of bleeding. Always consult a healthcare professional.

Does it prevent dementia?

While Ginkgo biloba may help slow cognitive decline in some individuals, current research does not definitively support its ability to prevent the onset of dementia.

Research Sources

  • https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/aging-neuroscience/articles/10.3389/fnagi.2023.1124710/full – This meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) found that Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) combined with donepezil improved cognitive function and activities of daily living (ADL) in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). The study highlighted the need for further verification of safety data, noting some heterogeneity and potential publication bias among included studies.
  • https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25114079/ – This systematic review and meta-analysis of 9 RCTs involving patients with cognitive impairment or dementia demonstrated that GBE significantly improved cognitive function compared to placebo. The review noted mild adverse effects and acknowledged variability in study designs and some small sample sizes, but concluded with high confidence due to rigorous inclusion criteria.
  • https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3679686/ – This systematic review and meta-analysis of 20 RCTs on neuropsychiatric disorders indicated that GBE reduced symptoms in schizophrenia and improved cognition and ADL in dementia. The study reported high heterogeneity among studies and some small sample sizes, which limited the generalizability of conclusions despite comprehensive analysis.
  • https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pharmacology/articles/10.3389/fphar.2025.1524505/full – This systematic review and meta-analysis of 15 RCTs focused on idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis patients. It suggested that GBE improved oxygenation and reduced the recurrence of pulmonary infections. However, the study noted limitations due to limited safety data and small sample sizes, despite stable results on primary outcomes.

Supplements Containing Ginkgo biloba leaf dry

Red Krill Oil Active Brain & Eyes by Bioglan
75

Red Krill Oil Active Brain & Eyes

Bioglan

Score: 75/100

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