Frankincense Essential Oil
Also known as: Boswellia serrata, Boswellia carterii, Boswellia sacra, Frankincense, Olibanum, Indian frankincense
Overview
Frankincense essential oil is derived from the resin of *Boswellia* trees, including *Boswellia serrata*, *Boswellia carterii*, and *Boswellia sacra*. It has been traditionally used for its anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and anxiolytic properties. The oil contains boswellic acids, notably AKBA, and volatile terpenes, which are considered the main bioactive compounds. It can be applied topically, inhaled, or ingested with caution. Research suggests potential benefits for conditions like osteoarthritis and asthma, primarily through the anti-inflammatory actions of boswellic acids. While evidence is encouraging, more research is needed to confirm its efficacy and optimal usage, especially concerning the essential oil form. Studies often focus on frankincense extracts rather than the essential oil itself, and the quality of available evidence varies.
Benefits
Frankincense extracts have demonstrated clinically effective anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects, particularly in conditions like osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and asthma. Systematic reviews indicate positive outcomes in reducing pain and inflammation, although effect sizes are modest and not consistently statistically significant across all studies. Some evidence suggests anxiolytic and mood-enhancing effects, although this is more robust for extracts than for the essential oil. These benefits are primarily observed in adults with chronic inflammatory conditions. The onset of effects typically occurs within weeks of regular use, while acute effects, such as aromatherapy for anxiety, may be observed within minutes to hours.
How it works
Frankincense primarily works by inhibiting 5-lipoxygenase and leukotriene synthesis, which reduces inflammation. It also modulates NF-κB signaling, a key pathway in inflammatory responses. The essential oil's volatile compounds may also affect the central nervous system. Boswellic acids, the active components, are poorly absorbed orally, while the terpenes in the essential oil are rapidly absorbed through inhalation or topical application. These mechanisms contribute to the observed anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and anxiolytic effects.
Side effects
Frankincense is generally well-tolerated, with no serious safety issues reported in clinical trials. Common side effects include mild gastrointestinal upset with oral use and skin irritation with topical application. Uncommon side effects (1-5%) may include allergic reactions and headaches. Rare side effects (<1%) involve severe allergic reactions, such as anaphylaxis. Potential drug interactions exist with anti-inflammatory drugs and anticoagulants, although robust data are limited. It is contraindicated in pregnancy due to insufficient safety data and in individuals with known allergies to *Boswellia*. Special populations, such as children and pregnant women, should avoid use without medical supervision.
Dosage
The minimum effective dose for frankincense essential oil is not well established. For extracts, typical doses range from 300–500 mg standardized to boswellic acids, taken 1–3 times daily. For essential oil, topical or inhalation use is common, but precise dosing is not standardized. Avoid excessive topical or oral use. For extracts, daily use is recommended for chronic conditions, while essential oil can be used as needed for acute symptoms. Oral absorption of boswellic acids is limited, whereas essential oil components are rapidly absorbed via inhalation or topical application. No specific cofactors are identified as necessary for its use.
FAQs
Is frankincense essential oil safe?
Generally safe for most adults when used as directed. Avoid during pregnancy and if you have known allergies to *Boswellia*. Consult a healthcare provider if you have underlying health conditions or are taking medications.
How should I use frankincense essential oil?
For aromatherapy, diffuse or inhale. For topical use, dilute with a carrier oil before applying to the skin. Extracts are taken orally, usually with meals, following product-specific instructions.
What results can I expect from using frankincense?
You may experience a modest reduction in pain and inflammation. Aromatherapy may provide mood enhancement. Effects are generally mild to moderate and not a substitute for medical treatment in serious conditions.
Are there any misconceptions about frankincense?
Yes, frankincense essential oil is not a substitute for medical treatment in serious conditions. Its effects are generally mild to moderate, and more research is needed to fully understand its benefits and optimal usage.
Research Sources
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19091760/ – This systematic review of 7 RCTs found frankincense extracts to be clinically effective for conditions like asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, Crohn’s disease, and collagenous colitis. The studies included adults with inflammatory conditions and lasted between 2–12 weeks, with three studies demonstrating good methodological quality and no serious safety issues.
- https://www.scilit.com/publications/641de24cd45fb0e4605eb97dbab4bbaf – This systematic review examined multiple studies, including human and animal models, and found frankincense extracts to be effective in terms of efficacy. Four studies were identified as having relatively good methodological quality. However, the review noted heterogeneity in study designs and outcomes, and some studies lacked robust controls.
- https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/public-health/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1144404/full – This systematic review and meta-analysis of 44 studies found that essential oils, including frankincense in some studies, reduced state anxiety scores in adults experiencing preoperative anxiety. The effect sizes were small to moderate. However, the review noted that most data were on lavender, with limited direct evidence for frankincense.
- https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pharmacology/articles/10.3389/fphar.2021.640128/full – This article discusses the pharmacological properties of Boswellia serrata, highlighting its anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. It reviews the mechanisms of action, including the inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase and modulation of NF-κB signaling. The review also touches on the clinical applications and safety profile of Boswellia extracts.
- https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/8/7085 – This review explores the potential therapeutic applications of frankincense, focusing on its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer properties. It discusses the bioactive compounds present in frankincense and their mechanisms of action. The review also highlights the need for further research to fully elucidate the clinical benefits and optimal usage of frankincense.
