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European Grapeseed Extract

Also known as: Grape Seed Extract (GSE), Vitis vinifera, European Grapeseed Extract, Vitis vinifera seed extract

Overview

European Grapeseed Extract (GSE) is a nutraceutical derived from the seeds of grapes, particularly those used in wine production. It is rich in polyphenols, especially proanthocyanidins, which are potent antioxidants. GSE is primarily used for its potential health benefits, including supporting cardiovascular health, providing antioxidant effects, and reducing inflammation. Research on GSE is substantial, with numerous clinical trials and meta-analyses exploring its effects on blood pressure, oxidative stress, and heart rate. While results can be inconsistent across studies, systematic reviews and meta-analyses provide a clearer picture of its potential benefits. It is available in various forms, including capsules and tablets, and is generally considered safe when used appropriately. The quality of available evidence varies, with some studies showing significant benefits and others reporting mixed results, highlighting the need for careful interpretation of research findings.

Benefits

Grapeseed extract (GSE) has several evidence-based benefits. Studies have shown that GSE can reduce both systolic and diastolic blood pressure, with more significant effects observed in younger or obese subjects. A meta-analysis reported a weighted mean difference of -6.077 mmHg for systolic blood pressure and -2.803 mmHg for diastolic blood pressure. GSE supplementation can also modulate oxidative stress by reducing markers like malondialdehyde and oxidized LDL. Furthermore, GSE may benefit heart rate and potentially aid individuals at risk of cardiovascular disease. While GSE possesses anti-inflammatory properties, its effects on inflammation markers are less consistent. The benefits may be more pronounced with longer durations of supplementation (≥8 weeks).

How it works

Grapeseed extract (GSE) primarily functions through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. It influences cardiovascular health by improving vascular function and reducing oxidative stress. The proanthocyanidins in GSE may target pathways involved in vascular relaxation and antioxidant defense. GSE interacts with the cardiovascular system by modulating blood pressure and heart rate, and with the immune system by reducing inflammation. The polyphenols in GSE are generally well-absorbed and metabolized in the body, although bioavailability can vary. These mechanisms collectively contribute to the observed health benefits of GSE.

Side effects

Grapeseed extract (GSE) is generally considered safe when used appropriately. Common side effects are not well-documented, but some individuals may experience gastrointestinal upset. Uncommon side effects include potential allergic reactions or interactions with medications. Rare side effects are not well-documented. GSE may interact with blood thinners or medications for diabetes, potentially altering their effectiveness. It is contraindicated during pregnancy and breastfeeding due to limited safety data. Caution is advised in individuals with severe allergies or those taking certain medications. It is important to consult with a healthcare provider before using GSE, especially if you have underlying health conditions or are taking other medications, to avoid potential adverse effects or interactions.

Dosage

The minimum effective dose of grapeseed extract (GSE) typically starts at 100-200 mg per day. Most studies use doses between 100 mg to 300 mg per day. The maximum safe dose is not well-established, but doses above 300 mg per day are less commonly studied. There are no specific timing recommendations; consistent daily intake is advised. Capsules or tablets are common forms. Bioavailability may be enhanced with food intake. No specific cofactors are required. It is advisable to start with a lower dose and gradually increase it while monitoring for any adverse effects. Consult with a healthcare provider to determine the appropriate dosage for your specific needs.

FAQs

Is grapeseed extract safe to use?

Grapeseed extract is generally safe for most people, but it may interact with certain medications. Consult with a healthcare provider if you have health conditions or take medications.

When is the best time to take grapeseed extract?

There is no specific timing recommendation; consistent daily intake is advised. You can take it with or without food, but taking it with food may enhance bioavailability.

What are the expected benefits of taking grapeseed extract?

Benefits may vary, but noticeable effects on blood pressure and antioxidant status are possible. It is not a cure-all but can be part of a comprehensive health plan.

Can grapeseed extract cure cardiovascular issues?

No, grapeseed extract is not a cure-all for cardiovascular issues. It should be part of a comprehensive health plan that includes a healthy diet and regular exercise.

Research Sources

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5370781/ – This meta-analysis of 16 randomized controlled trials found that grapeseed extract (GSE) significantly reduced both systolic and diastolic blood pressure. The study highlighted that these effects were more pronounced in younger or obese subjects. However, the authors noted high heterogeneity among the included studies, suggesting caution in interpreting the overall results.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34107109/ – This systematic review and meta-analysis, encompassing 23 studies, investigated the impact of GSE supplementation on oxidative stress markers. The findings indicated that GSE can modulate oxidative stress, as evidenced by changes in markers like malondialdehyde and oxidized LDL. However, the review also noted inconsistent effects on inflammation markers, suggesting that GSE's anti-inflammatory properties may be less consistent.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34798267/ – This meta-analysis of 19 trials examined the effects of GSE on various cardiovascular parameters. The study revealed significant reductions in diastolic blood pressure and heart rate with GSE supplementation. However, it found no significant effects on systolic blood pressure or flow-mediated dilation, indicating that GSE's cardiovascular benefits may be specific to certain parameters.
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7054588/ – This review provides an overview of the potential health benefits of grape seed extract, focusing on its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. It discusses the mechanisms through which GSE may exert its effects, including its ability to scavenge free radicals and modulate inflammatory pathways. The review also highlights the importance of considering the quality and source of GSE when evaluating its potential health benefits.
https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/british-journal-of-nutrition/article/effects-of-grape-seed-extract-on-dyslipidaemia-a-systematic-review-and-doseresponse-metaanalysis-of-randomised-controlled-trials/B599121C6BE107077B5BED88BC8F46D2 – This systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials investigates the effects of grape seed extract on dyslipidemia. The study analyzes the impact of GSE on lipid profiles, providing insights into its potential role in managing cholesterol levels. The findings contribute to understanding the cardiovascular benefits of GSE and its potential application in addressing dyslipidemia.