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Dihydromyricetin

Also known as: Dihydromyricetin, DHM, Ampelopsin

Overview

Dihydromyricetin (DHM), also known as Ampelopsin, is a flavonoid compound primarily found in plants of the *Ampelopsis* genus, notably *Ampelopsis grossedentata*. As a flavonol, DHM is characterized by its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, leading to research into its potential health benefits. Predominantly, DHM is being explored for its neuroprotective, cardiovascular, and anticancer effects. Research suggests that DHM can combat oxidative stress and apoptosis in neuronal cells, modulate various signaling pathways relevant to cancer, and potentially improve cardiovascular health. While most evidence is currently derived from in vitro and animal studies, the growing body of research indicates promising pharmacological effects. Formulations like nanoparticles are being investigated to enhance DHM's bioavailability. Further clinical trials are needed to validate these findings and establish its efficacy and safety in humans.

Benefits

Dihydromyricetin (DHM) exhibits several potential health benefits, primarily supported by preclinical studies. One key benefit is its neuroprotective effect, demonstrated by its ability to inhibit oxidative stress and apoptosis in neuronal cells through the activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. This suggests potential in preventing or mitigating neurodegenerative diseases. Additionally, DHM shows anticancer properties by modulating various signaling pathways involved in cancer development and progression. Research also indicates potential cardiovascular benefits, although the specific mechanisms and effects require further investigation. However, it's important to note that these benefits are largely based on in vitro and animal studies, and clinical trials are needed to confirm these effects in human populations.

How it works

Dihydromyricetin (DHM) exerts its effects primarily through the activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway, a critical component of the cellular antioxidant defense system. By activating this pathway, DHM enhances the expression of antioxidant enzymes, which helps to reduce oxidative stress and apoptosis. DHM interacts with cellular antioxidant defense systems and may influence inflammatory pathways. Furthermore, DHM's anticancer properties involve the modulation of various signaling pathways implicated in cancer development. Research also suggests that DHM's bioavailability can be enhanced through formulations like nanoparticles or liposomes, improving its absorption and effectiveness.

Side effects

The safety profile of Dihydromyricetin (DHM) is not yet fully established, particularly in humans. Preclinical studies suggest that DHM is generally safe, but the lack of extensive human trials means that potential side effects are not well-documented. Common, uncommon, and rare side effects are currently unknown. Due to limited data, potential drug interactions are speculative and require further study. Similarly, there are no established contraindications for DHM use. Special populations, such as pregnant or breastfeeding women, should exercise caution and consult with healthcare providers before using DHM due to insufficient safety data. Further research is needed to comprehensively assess the safety and tolerability of DHM in diverse populations.

Dosage

Due to the limited human data, there is no established minimum effective dose, optimal dosage range, or maximum safe dose for Dihydromyricetin (DHM). Preclinical studies often use concentrations in the range of 10-300 µmol/L. The timing of DHM administration has not been established. Formulations like nanoparticles may enhance bioavailability, potentially affecting dosage requirements. More research is needed to determine appropriate dosing guidelines for different purposes and to establish safety thresholds. Until further clinical trials are conducted, specific dosage recommendations cannot be provided.

FAQs

Is DHM safe for human consumption?

Preclinical studies suggest DHM is generally safe, but human safety data are lacking. Consult a healthcare provider before use, especially if pregnant, breastfeeding, or taking other medications.

What are the potential benefits of taking DHM?

DHM shows potential neuroprotective, antioxidant, and anticancer effects in preclinical studies. However, these benefits require confirmation through human clinical trials.

How should DHM be taken for best results?

Optimal timing and administration methods are not yet established. Formulations like nanoparticles may enhance bioavailability, but more research is needed to determine best practices.

Is DHM the same as other flavonoids?

DHM is a specific type of flavonol, a subclass of flavonoids. While it shares some properties with other flavonoids, it has unique characteristics and effects.

Research Sources

https://www.spandidos-publications.com/10.3892/mmr.2021.12036 – This in vitro study on HT22 cells found that Dihydromyricetin (DHM) inhibited oxidative stress and apoptosis by activating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, suggesting a neuroprotective effect. The study provides mechanistic insights into DHM's potential benefits, but it is limited by its in vitro model and the absence of human data, necessitating clinical validation to confirm these findings.
https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/14/14/3487 – This review article highlights the anticancer potential of Dihydromyricetin (DHM) through various mechanisms, offering a comprehensive overview of its effects. However, the review is based on preclinical data, emphasizing the need for human trials to validate these findings and assess the clinical relevance of DHM's anticancer properties.
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.53365/efood.k/143518 – This preclinical study indicates that formulations like nanoparticles can enhance the bioavailability of Dihydromyricetin (DHM). While the study provides insights into improving DHM delivery, it is based on animal data and requires human validation to confirm its applicability and effectiveness in clinical settings.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK594407/ – This resource provides general information about dietary supplements and their regulation. It does not specifically focus on Dihydromyricetin (DHM) but offers a broader context for understanding the regulatory landscape and safety considerations for dietary supplements.