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Dehydroepiandrosterone Propionate

Also known as: Prasterone, DHEA, Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)

Overview

Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is a naturally occurring steroid hormone produced by the adrenal glands, functioning as a precursor to both male and female sex hormones. It has gained popularity as a dietary supplement aimed at raising testosterone levels, enhancing muscle and bone mass, and improving quality of life in individuals with adrenal insufficiency. While its short biological half-life often leads to the use of its sulfated form, DHEA-S, which has a longer duration of action, research into its efficacy and safety remains at a moderate maturity level, with some studies demonstrating significant hormonal benefits but with variations in quality and specificity across available evidence.

Benefits

Evidence shows that DHEA supplementation significantly increases testosterone levels, achieving a weighted mean difference (WMD) of 28.02 ng/dl (95% CI: 21.44-34.60) from a meta-analysis of 42 studies. Additionally, a small improvement in quality of life was observed in women with adrenal insufficiency, yielding an effect size of 0.21 (95% CI: 0.08-0.33). Specific populations such as younger individuals and women tend to benefit more from supplementation. Notably, while the increase in testosterone is clinically significant, the effects on muscle and bone mass lack robust evidence, aligning with the need for further research.

How it works

DHEA functions primarily as a precursor to androgens and estrogens, impacting the body's hormone balance. Through enzymatic conversion, it transforms into testosterone and other hormones, directly influencing various bodily systems, particularly reproductive and endocrine. Its absorption is somewhat variable but can be enhanced through micronized formulations.

Side effects

DHEA is generally regarded as safe for short-term use, but long-term safety data is limited. Common side effects experienced by over 5% of users include acne, hair loss, and mood changes, with less frequent effects like insomnia and nausea reported in 1-5% of individuals. Rare occurrences of liver enzyme elevation are noted in less than 1% of users. Caution is advisable for those on blood thinners or diabetes medications and those with hormone-sensitive conditions. Contraindications include pregnancy and breastfeeding, and there is uncertainty surrounding its safety in particular cancers.

Dosage

Starting dosages for DHEA typically range from 25-50 mg/day, with optimal dosages between 50-100 mg/day for most purposes. As data on a maximum safe dosage is not well-established, caution is advised with higher doses due to potential side effects. Users are generally recommended to take DHEA in the morning to mimic physiological hormone peaks, and micronized formulations may improve bioavailability, while concurrent food intake could affect absorption.

FAQs

How should I use DHEA?

DHEA should be used under medical supervision, particularly for those with hormone-sensitive conditions.

Is DHEA safe for long-term use?

While generally safe in the short term, long-term use of DHEA requires monitoring due to potential side effects.

When is the best time to take DHEA?

It is usually taken once daily in the morning to align with natural hormone levels.

What results can I expect from DHEA supplementation?

Users may see increased testosterone levels within weeks; however, improvements in quality of life are often subtle.

Is DHEA an effective anti-aging supplement?

DHEA has not been proven as an anti-aging supplement; its effects on muscle and bone mass are still under investigation.

Research Sources

https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychiatry/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.688367/full – This meta-analysis reviewed the impact of DHEA on testosterone levels across multiple studies, affirming a significant increase in testosterone. However, it noted heterogeneity in the study designs and outcomes.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33045358/ – The systematic review evaluated the effects of DHEA on quality of life in women with adrenal insufficiency, finding a modest improvement in quality of life metrics alongside hormonal benefits.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19773400/ – This systematic review indicated that DHEA supplementation did not significantly alter lipid profiles but pointed out some reductions in HDL-C levels, highlighting areas for further research.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32675010/ – This study focused on the multiple roles DHEA plays in hormonal balance and its potential health implications, suggesting that while beneficial, caution should be exercised in specific populations.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prasterone – The Wikipedia page provides an overview of DHEA, including its biological role, uses as a supplement, legality, and health-related claims, serving as a general resource for its applications.