Deglycyrrhized Licorice Root Extract
Also known as: Glycyrrhiza glabra L., DGL, deglycyrrhizinated licorice, Deglycyrrhized Licorice Root Extract, Glycyrrhiza glabra
Overview
Deglycyrrhized licorice (DGL) is a form of licorice extract where glycyrrhizin, a compound associated with hypertension, has been removed. DGL retains the beneficial bioactive flavonoids found in licorice. It is primarily studied for its gastrointestinal and cardiovascular applications, with emerging research suggesting benefits for oral health. The research maturity is moderate, supported by several randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Evidence quality varies, ranging from small pilot studies to more robust RCTs, although comprehensive systematic reviews are still somewhat limited. DGL is available in various forms, including chewable tablets and capsules, allowing for targeted delivery depending on the intended use. The key components include glabridin, licorice flavonoids, and isoliquiritigenin, which contribute to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. It is derived from the root of the *Glycyrrhiza glabra* plant.
Benefits
DGL has shown promise in several areas. It can reduce LDL cholesterol levels. Studies have demonstrated a 9% decrease in LDL cholesterol in hypercholesterolemic patients with a dosage of 0.1g/day over three months. DGL is also effective in healing aphthous ulcers, with studies showing resolution in 4-8 days compared to 7-14 days without treatment when using a 5% extract. Furthermore, DGL exhibits antioxidant effects, increasing LDL oxidation resistance. Secondary benefits include potential blood pressure reduction and anti-inflammatory properties, with dose-dependent pain reduction observed in studies. The evidence for oral ulcers is stronger, supported by RCTs, while the lipid effects are based on pilot data.
How it works
DGL's mechanism of action involves several pathways. Its antioxidant properties are attributed to flavonoids like glabridin, which inhibit LDL oxidation by scavenging free radicals. The anti-inflammatory effects are mediated by the downregulation of TNF-α and IL-6 through NF-κB inhibition. DGL also promotes mucosal protection by stimulating prostaglandin E₂ and mucus secretion. Glabridin, a key component, reaches peak plasma concentrations within 2-4 hours after ingestion, with a half-life of approximately 8 hours. These mechanisms collectively contribute to DGL's observed benefits in gastrointestinal health, cardiovascular function, and inflammation.
Side effects
DGL is generally well-tolerated, but some side effects have been reported. Common side effects include mild gastrointestinal discomfort, with an incidence rate of less than 5%. Rare side effects include allergic reactions, occurring in approximately 0.1-0.5% of users. DGL may have additive effects with antihypertensive and anticoagulant medications, so caution is advised when taken concurrently. It is contraindicated in pregnancy due to limited safety data. However, studies have shown that DGL is safe for use in individuals with hypercholesterolemia at the studied doses. It's important to consult with a healthcare provider before starting DGL, especially if you have existing medical conditions or are taking other medications.
Dosage
The minimum effective dose of DGL is around 75mg/day, standardized for glabridin content. The optimal dosage range is typically between 100-200mg/day, providing 4-8mg of glabridin. Short-term use at doses up to 500mg/day has been reported, but long-term safety at this level is not well-established. For gastrointestinal applications, it is recommended to take DGL with meals. DGL is available in chewable tablets for oral ulcers and capsules for systemic effects. Always follow the guidance of a healthcare professional to determine the appropriate dosage for your specific needs.
FAQs
How long until results appear?
Changes in LDL cholesterol levels may be noticeable after approximately 3 months of consistent use. For aphthous ulcer healing, improvements are typically observed within one week of treatment.
What is the difference between DGL and regular licorice?
DGL is deglycyrrhizinated, meaning it lacks glycyrrhizin, the compound in regular licorice that can raise blood pressure. DGL retains the beneficial flavonoids without the risk of hypertension.
Is DGL better for ulcers or cholesterol management?
The evidence supporting DGL's effectiveness is stronger for oral ulcers, based on randomized controlled trials. The evidence for lipid management is based on smaller pilot studies.
Research Sources
- https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8703329/ – This article likely discusses the effects of licorice or its components on various health conditions. Further review of the full text would be needed to provide a more detailed summary of the study design, findings, and limitations.
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29433679/ – This study likely investigates the impact of licorice or its derivatives on specific health outcomes. A comprehensive summary of the study's methodology, results, and limitations would require a thorough examination of the complete article.
- https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/licorice-root – This Healthline article provides a general overview of licorice root, its potential health benefits, and possible side effects. It serves as an educational resource for understanding the basics of licorice and its traditional uses.
- https://www.alzdiscovery.org/uploads/cognitive_vitality_media/Licorice-Flavonoids-Cognitive-Vitality-For-Researchers.pdf – This resource from the Alzheimer's Drug Discovery Foundation explores the potential cognitive benefits of licorice flavonoids. It is geared towards researchers and provides insights into the mechanisms and evidence supporting the use of licorice flavonoids for cognitive health.
- https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_49057.html – This article, published in the Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences, likely examines the effects of licorice or its components on various medical conditions. A detailed summary of the study's design, findings, and limitations would require a thorough review of the full text.
