Crataegus Pinnatifida Berry Extract
Also known as: Hawthorn, Chinese hawthorn, Crataegus monogyna, Crataegus laevigata, Crataegus pinnatifida
Overview
Crataegus pinnatifida, commonly known as Chinese hawthorn, is a species of hawthorn known for its bioactive components, primarily found in its berries, leaves, and flowers. Traditionally utilized in Chinese medicine, it is recognized for its cardiotonic and antioxidant properties. The extract is rich in flavonoids, triterpenoids, and steroids, which contribute to various health benefits, especially concerning cardiovascular health. Recent applications of this herb include managing chronic heart failure, improving blood circulation, and alleviating symptoms associated with high blood pressure and anxiety. Though backed by moderate to high-quality evidence, further long-term safety studies are warranted to better understand its safety profile.
Benefits
Crataegus pinnatifida has several evidence-based benefits primarily centered around cardiovascular health. Clinical studies, including a meta-analysis, have demonstrated significant improvements in chronic heart failure symptoms, quality of life, and left ventricular ejection fraction, with moderate effect sizes. Additionally, hawthorn extract can lower blood pressure and improve circulation, though these effects are generally considered modest. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties have been documented as well. While patients with chronic heart failure are found to benefit the most, hypertensive patients may also see improvements. Evidence suggests that benefits begin manifesting over weeks to months of consistent use.
How it works
Hawthorn extract operates primarily by enhancing cardiovascular function. Its bioactive compounds, particularly flavonoids and oligomeric procyanidins, improve blood flow, reduce blood pressure, and promote better cardiac output. The flavonoids contribute to the antioxidant effects, combating oxidative stress and inflammation, which are critical in managing heart health. Additionally, these compounds may influence various molecular targets that underlie cardiovascular health improvements.
Side effects
Crataegus pinnatifida is generally safe when used at recommended doses (up to 1800 mg daily for a maximum of 16 weeks). Common side effects include mild gastrointestinal disturbances, dizziness, and lightheadedness, affecting more than 5% of users. Less frequent side effects reported (1-5%) include skin conditions and general discomfort. Serious adverse reactions are rare but can occur, particularly concerning cardiac and nervous system disorders. Important drug interactions include medications for heart conditions (e.g., digoxin and beta-blockers) and anticoagulants, necessitating caution. It is contraindicated in pregnancy and during breastfeeding due to insufficient safety data, and should be temporarily discontinued two weeks prior to any surgical procedures due to potential effects on blood clotting.
Dosage
The recommended dosage for Crataegus pinnatifida typically ranges from 500 mg to 1800 mg per day, with 900-1800 mg being used effectively for chronic heart failure in clinical studies. It is advisable to take the supplement with meals to minimize gastrointestinal side effects. Standardized extracts that contain known amounts of flavonoids and oligomeric procyanidins are recommended for consistency. No specific absorption factors are detailed, although the bioavailability of these compounds is generally good. Long-term safety at higher doses is not well established, and regular monitoring of heart function and blood pressure is prudent.
FAQs
Is hawthorn safe?
Hawthorn is considered safe for short-term use but should be approached with caution in patients with heart conditions or those on specific medications.
When should I take hawthorn?
Hawthorn can be taken with meals to reduce gastrointestinal side effects; specific timing isn't necessary.
How long until I see results?
Improvements in heart failure symptoms and blood pressure may take several weeks to months of consistent use.
Can I use hawthorn instead of my heart medication?
Hawthorn should not replace conventional heart medications; it is intended as an adjunctive therapy.
Research Sources
- https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-527/hawthorn – WebMD provides an overview of hawthorn's uses, effectiveness, and safety profile based on various studies, highlighting its role in treating heart-related conditions.
- https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/17/11/1490 – This study discusses the pharmacological effects of hawthorn extract and its bioactive components, emphasizing its cardiovascular benefits through various bioactive compounds.
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24487567/ – A clinical trial that investigates the impact of hawthorn on patients with chronic heart failure, documenting improvements in cardiac function and quality of life.
- https://www.amjmed.com/article/S0002-9343(03)00131-1/abstract – The article reviews the safety profile of hawthorn, noting common minor side effects and stresses the need for monitoring long-term use.
- https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/11/5/564 – This pharmacological review assesses the various health benefits of hawthorn, with an emphasis on its antioxidant and cardiovascular protective effects.