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Coriolus Extract Concentrate

Also known as: Coriolus versicolor, Trametes versicolor, Yun Zhi, Turkey tail mushroom, Coriolus extract concentrate, PSP, PSK, Krestin

Overview

Coriolus extract concentrate is derived from the fruiting bodies of the *Coriolus versicolor* mushroom, a species widely used in traditional Chinese medicine. It contains bioactive polysaccharides, primarily polysaccharopeptides (PSP) and polysaccharide-K (PSK). It is primarily used as an adjunct therapy in cancer treatment to improve immune function and potentially enhance survival rates. The extract contains immunomodulating polysaccharides that stimulate immune cells, such as T lymphocytes and natural killer cells. It is typically water-extracted and standardized for polysaccharide content. Research maturity is moderate to advanced, with multiple randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and meta-analyses, especially in oncology, supporting its benefits. The quality of evidence includes systematic reviews and meta-analyses of RCTs with adequate sample sizes, showing statistically significant benefits in cancer patient survival and immune markers.

Benefits

Meta-analyses indicate that Coriolus extract (PSP/PSK) significantly improves overall survival in cancer patients, particularly those with breast, gastric, and colorectal cancers. One meta-analysis reported survival benefits when combined with conventional therapy versus conventional therapy alone, using dosages of 1–3.6 g/day over 1–36 months. Immunomodulatory effects include significant increases in CD3+ and CD4+ T-cell populations. Enhanced leukocyte and neutrophil counts and increased serum immunoglobulins (IgG, IgM) in cancer patients have also been documented. Furthermore, it induces pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-alpha and IL-8 gene expression, indicating immune activation. Cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy or radiotherapy benefit most, with improved survival and immune parameters. Benefits are observed over treatment durations ranging from 1 month to 3 years in cancer trials.

How it works

Coriolus extract primarily works by activating both innate and adaptive immune responses. This involves stimulating T lymphocytes (CD3+, CD4+), B lymphocytes, and natural killer cells. The extract upregulates cytokines such as TNF-alpha and IL-8, enhancing immune surveillance and tumor cell killing. Polysaccharopeptides bind to immune cell receptors, such as toll-like receptors, triggering downstream signaling cascades. These water-soluble polysaccharides are absorbed and bioavailable, though the exact pharmacokinetics in humans are not fully elucidated. The primary interaction is with the immune system, particularly cellular immunity, leading to potential anti-tumor effects through immune-mediated mechanisms.

Side effects

Coriolus extract is generally well-tolerated in clinical trials, with no major safety concerns at typical doses (1–3.6 g/day). Common side effects, reported in more than 5% of users, include mild gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea and diarrhea. Uncommon side effects, affecting 1-5% of users, may include allergic reactions in sensitive individuals. Rare side effects, occurring in less than 1% of users, have not been consistently linked to the extract. No significant drug interactions have been reported, but caution is advised when combined with immunosuppressants. Contraindications include hypersensitivity to mushroom products. Limited data are available for pregnant or breastfeeding women, so use with caution is recommended.

Dosage

The minimum effective dose of Coriolus extract is approximately 1 g/day, standardized to polysaccharides. Optimal dosage ranges from 1–3.6 g/day, as used in clinical trials for cancer adjunct therapy. There is no established maximum safe dose, but doses up to 3.6 g/day appear safe. It is administered daily via oral consumption, often alongside conventional cancer treatments. Hot water extracts standardized for PSP or PSK content are preferred. Water extraction enhances the bioavailability of polysaccharides. No specific cofactors are required, and it may be combined with other immunomodulators.

FAQs

Is Coriolus extract effective as a standalone cancer treatment?

No, Coriolus extract is used as an adjunct to conventional cancer therapies, not as a replacement. It supports immune function and may enhance the effectiveness of other treatments.

How soon can immune benefits be expected?

Immune modulation can be observed within weeks to months of consistent use. The exact timeline varies depending on individual factors and the specific health condition.

Are there risks of stimulating the immune system too much?

There is no evidence of harmful immune overstimulation at the studied doses. Coriolus extract helps to balance and regulate the immune system, rather than excessively stimulating it.

Can it be used during chemotherapy?

Yes, Coriolus extract is often used adjunctively to support immune function during chemotherapy. It may help to mitigate some of the immune-suppressing effects of chemotherapy.

Research Sources

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22185453/ – This meta-analysis of RCTs found a significant survival benefit in breast, gastric, and colorectal cancer patients when Coriolus versicolor was combined with conventional therapy. The study highlights the potential of Coriolus as an adjunct treatment to improve cancer outcomes. The survival benefit was statistically significant (p<0.05).
https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pharmacology/articles/10.3389/fphar.2019.00703/full – This systematic review and meta-analysis showed a significant increase in CD3+ and CD4+ T-cells with the use of Coriolus and Ganoderma products. The study suggests that these mushroom products have immunomodulatory effects, enhancing cellular immunity. The mean difference in T-cell populations was statistically significant (p<0.001).
https://www.naturalmedicinejournal.com/journal/efficacy-coriolus-versicolor-yun-zhi-survival-cancer-patients – This meta-analysis of 13 RCTs found that Coriolus extract improved survival when combined with conventional cancer therapy, with doses ranging from 1–3.6 g/day. The study supports the use of Coriolus as an adjunct treatment to improve survival outcomes in cancer patients. The findings were consistent across multiple trials.
https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/integrative-medicine/herbs/coriolus-versicolor – This Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center webpage provides a summary of Coriolus versicolor, including its uses, potential benefits, and safety information. It highlights the mushroom's immunomodulatory properties and its use as an adjunct therapy in cancer treatment. The resource also notes potential side effects and interactions.
https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/5/4864 – This study investigates the immunomodulatory effects of Coriolus versicolor and its potential mechanisms of action. It explores how the mushroom extract interacts with the immune system to enhance immune responses and potentially inhibit tumor growth. The research provides insights into the molecular pathways involved in Coriolus versicolor's therapeutic effects.