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Colloidal anhydrous silica

Also known as: Silicon Dioxide, Silica, Colloidal Silica, Amorphous Silica, Colloidal Anhydrous Silica

Overview

Colloidal anhydrous silica is a synthetic, amorphous form of silicon dioxide (SiO2), commonly used as an excipient in pharmaceuticals and dietary supplements. It is manufactured from sand and quartz. Unlike crystalline silica, which poses inhalation risks, colloidal silica is generally considered safe for oral consumption. Its primary applications include acting as an anti-caking agent in food and pharmaceuticals, as well as being used in cosmetics and as a food additive. Research on colloidal silica is extensive regarding its safety and use as an excipient, but specific health benefits as a supplement are less well-studied. The available evidence supports its safety and industrial applications, but there is limited evidence for specific health benefits when taken as a dietary supplement. It is typically unabsorbed when ingested.

Benefits

There is limited research supporting specific health benefits of colloidal silica as a dietary supplement. While it is used for its technological properties in food and pharmaceutical formulations, direct health benefits are not well-documented. Some studies suggest potential benefits in improving the rheological properties of food and pharmaceutical formulations, which can indirectly contribute to product quality. However, no specific population benefits have been identified, and the effect sizes and clinical significance for direct health benefits are not applicable due to the lack of studies in this area. The primary benefit remains its role as a safe and effective excipient.

How it works

The mechanism of action for colloidal silica, in terms of direct health benefits, is not well-defined. It is generally considered inert and is not absorbed in significant amounts when ingested orally. As an excipient, it primarily interacts with the gastrointestinal system, aiding in the flow and stability of powders. It does not have known molecular targets related to health benefits. Its primary function is to improve the physical properties of formulations rather than exerting a direct biological effect. Due to its lack of absorption, it does not significantly interact with other body systems.

Side effects

Colloidal anhydrous silica is generally considered safe for oral consumption. Animal studies have reported no adverse effects at high doses (up to 2,000 mg/kg). Common, uncommon, and rare side effects have not been reported in the literature. No significant drug interactions or contraindications are known. There are no specific safety concerns noted for pregnant women, children, or elderly populations. However, it is crucial to distinguish colloidal silica from crystalline silica, which poses inhalation risks. Overall, colloidal silica has a favorable safety profile when used as intended, primarily as an excipient.

Dosage

A minimum effective dose for health benefits has not been established, as colloidal silica is primarily used as an excipient. Typically, it is used in small amounts within formulations. Animal studies have shown that high doses (up to 2,000 mg/kg) are safe. Timing considerations are not applicable, as it is not taken for specific health outcomes. It is usually used in powder form. Since it is not significantly absorbed, absorption factors are not relevant. No required cofactors have been identified. The focus remains on using it within established safety guidelines for excipients.

FAQs

Is colloidal anhydrous silica safe?

Yes, it is generally considered safe for oral consumption and is used in small quantities as an excipient in food and pharmaceuticals. It is distinct from crystalline silica, which poses inhalation risks.

What are the health benefits of colloidal anhydrous silica?

There are limited well-documented health benefits. It primarily functions as an excipient, aiding in the flow and stability of powders in formulations rather than providing direct health benefits.

How is colloidal anhydrous silica administered?

As an excipient, it is typically included as part of a formulation, such as a tablet or capsule. There are no specific timing or administration guidelines for health benefits, as it is not taken for that purpose.

Is colloidal anhydrous silica the same as crystalline silica?

No, colloidal anhydrous silica is an amorphous form of silicon dioxide, while crystalline silica has a defined crystal structure. Crystalline silica poses inhalation risks, while colloidal silica is considered safe for oral consumption.

What results can I expect from taking colloidal anhydrous silica?

As it is primarily an excipient, you should not expect any direct health benefits from taking colloidal anhydrous silica. Its role is to improve the properties of the product it is included in.

Research Sources

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4279771/ – This study investigated the toxicity of orally administered amorphous silica nanoparticles in rats. The 90-day oral toxicity study found no adverse effects at doses up to 2,000 mg/kg, establishing a no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL), indicating a high level of safety for oral consumption.
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0958305X20943876 – This study examines the safety of silica nanoparticles in food. It provides an overview of the potential risks and safety considerations associated with the use of silica nanoparticles in the food industry, emphasizing the importance of proper risk assessment and regulatory oversight.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27163240/ – This research explores the use of colloidal silica as a multifunctional excipient for poorly soluble drugs. It highlights the utility of colloidal silica in improving the formulation and delivery of drugs with low solubility, enhancing their bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy.
https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp211.pdf – This is a toxicological profile for silica from the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). It provides a comprehensive overview of the health effects, exposure pathways, and regulatory information related to silica, including both crystalline and amorphous forms.
https://cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/silica092019FR.pdf – This document from the Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel provides a safety assessment of silica and silicates as used in cosmetics. The review concludes that silica and silicates are safe for use in cosmetics when formulated to avoid inhalation.