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Chinese smilax Root Extr

Also known as: Smilax china, Smilax china L., Smilax glabra, Chinese smilax root, China root, Smilax root extract

Overview

Chinese smilax root extract is derived from the roots of *Smilax china* L., a plant native to East Asia, and has been used traditionally in Chinese medicine. It contains bioactive compounds like smilasides, quercetin, resveratrol, and oxyresveratrol, contributing to its purported medicinal effects. Traditionally, it has been used for conditions like pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), skin ailments such as acne, and as an anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial agent. Research on *Smilax china* L. root extract is still in its early to moderate stages, with most studies being preclinical or small clinical trials. While it shows promise in vitro and in animal models, there is a lack of large-scale randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and systematic reviews to confirm its efficacy and safety in humans. The available evidence suggests potential antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects, but more robust clinical outcomes are needed to validate its use.

Benefits

The primary evidence-based benefits of *Smilax china* L. root extract include antimicrobial activity against *Cutibacterium acnes*, demonstrated in vitro, suggesting potential for acne management. It also exhibits anti-inflammatory properties, supported by preclinical evidence, which aligns with its traditional use for pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). Secondary benefits, based on traditional use, include detoxification and immunoregulation, although clinical evidence is limited. While traditional use suggests benefits for women with PID and individuals with acne, there is a lack of robust evidence for specific populations. The antimicrobial effect is significant in vitro, but its clinical significance in humans is not well quantified. Further clinical studies are needed to establish the time course and magnitude of these benefits.

How it works

The antimicrobial action of *Smilax china* L. root extract involves direct inhibition of bacterial growth, particularly against *Cutibacterium acnes*. Its anti-inflammatory effects are mediated through the modulation of inflammatory cytokines and pathways, although the specific mechanisms are not fully understood. It primarily affects the immune and inflammatory systems, with potential effects on skin microbiota. At the molecular level, it targets bacterial cell membranes for antimicrobial action and inflammatory cytokines for anti-inflammatory effects. While preclinical studies suggest oral bioavailability of key compounds, human pharmacokinetics are not well characterized, limiting understanding of its absorption and distribution within the body.

Side effects

The safety profile of *Smilax china* L. root extract is generally considered favorable based on traditional use, but data from controlled clinical trials are limited. Common, uncommon, and rare side effects are not well-documented in available studies. Drug interactions have not been significantly reported, but comprehensive assessments are lacking. Contraindications are not established, but caution is advised during pregnancy and lactation due to insufficient data. Special population considerations, such as use in children, pregnant, or lactating women, are not well-defined due to limited data. Further research is needed to fully characterize the safety profile and potential adverse effects of *Smilax china* L. root extract.

Dosage

Clinical studies have not established a minimum effective dose, optimal dosage ranges, or a maximum safe dose for *Smilax china* L. root extract. Traditional preparations vary widely, and standardized extracts are not widely available. Timing considerations for administration are not established. Limited data exist on absorption factors, but they are likely influenced by formulation and co-administration with food. No required cofactors have been identified. Due to the lack of clinical data, it is crucial to approach dosing with caution and consult with healthcare professionals before use.

FAQs

What are the key practical usage concerns for Chinese smilax root extract?

The primary concerns are the lack of standardized dosing and limited clinical evidence supporting its efficacy in humans. Traditional use is prevalent, but rigorous clinical trials are needed to validate its benefits.

Are there any significant safety concerns associated with this extract?

No significant safety concerns have been reported, but data are limited. Caution is advised during pregnancy and lactation due to insufficient evidence. Consult a healthcare professional before use.

How should Chinese smilax root extract be administered?

Traditional use involves oral or topical administration. However, optimal timing is not established. Clinical studies are needed to determine the most effective administration methods and schedules.

What results can be expected from using this extract?

Preclinical data suggest potential antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects. However, clinical benefits in humans are not well-quantified. Overestimation of clinical efficacy based on traditional use should be avoided.

Research Sources

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1155/2021/5552532 – This study investigates the traditional uses of *Smilax china* L. and explores its potential molecular mechanisms. It provides insights into the plant's anti-inflammatory properties and supports its traditional use in treating conditions like pelvic inflammatory disease, highlighting potential pathways involved in its therapeutic effects.
https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/23/8331 – This in vitro study examines the antimicrobial activity of *Smilax china* L. root extracts against *Cutibacterium acnes*. The findings demonstrate that the extract and its isolated compounds, such as quercetin, resveratrol, and oxyresveratrol, exhibit strong antimicrobial effects, suggesting potential applications in acne treatment.
https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pharmacology/articles/10.3389/fphar.2020.599433/full – This review explores the immunomodulatory effects of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in treating autoimmune diseases. While it doesn't focus specifically on *Smilax china*, it provides a broader context for understanding how TCM herbs can influence immune responses, which may be relevant to the plant's traditional uses.
https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pharmacology/articles/10.3389/fphar.2022.1029949/full – This study investigates the protective effects of dioscin, a steroidal saponin found in some *Smilax* species, against osteoarthritis. While not directly about *Smilax china*, it provides insights into the potential therapeutic properties of compounds found in related plants, suggesting possible mechanisms for joint health benefits.
https://www.spandidos-publications.com/10.3892/mmr.2017.7559 – This study examines the role of autophagy in the context of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and its potential therapeutic applications. While it does not focus specifically on *Smilax china*, it provides a broader understanding of how TCM herbs can influence cellular processes like autophagy, which may be relevant to the plant's traditional uses and mechanisms of action.