CBG
Also known as: CBG, cannabigerol, Cannabigerol
Overview
Cannabigerol (CBG) is a non-psychoactive cannabinoid found in the Cannabis plant, often referred to as the "mother" cannabinoid because it serves as the precursor from which other cannabinoids like THC and CBD are synthesized. Unlike THC, CBG does not produce intoxicating psychoactive effects. It is being investigated for a range of potential therapeutic benefits, including anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, anti-anxiety, antibacterial, and anticancer properties. CBG interacts with the body's endocannabinoid system and other molecular targets to modulate various physiological processes such as pain, inflammation, and cellular function. While preclinical studies and some early clinical evidence show promise, the research on CBG is still emerging, with a limited number of high-quality randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and systematic reviews available to fully establish its efficacy and safety in humans. It is typically available in various forms, including oils, tinctures, and topicals.
Benefits
CBG demonstrates several potential benefits, primarily supported by preclinical and in vitro studies. It exhibits significant anti-inflammatory properties by inhibiting inflammatory responses in immune cells, suggesting potential utility for conditions like gastrointestinal inflammation and skin issues such as acne and psoriasis. As a neuroprotective agent, CBG shows promise in protecting against central nervous system cell damage, which could be relevant for neurodegenerative diseases. Preclinical models also indicate anxiolytic (anti-anxiety) effects. Furthermore, CBG has shown potent antibacterial activity, particularly against antibiotic-resistant strains like MRSA and Streptococcus mutans, by disrupting bacterial membranes. A meta-analysis of in vitro studies suggests anticancer potential, as CBG has been observed to slow proliferation and induce necroptosis in breast cancer cell lines. While these findings are promising, clinical evidence in humans is still preliminary, and more robust studies are needed to confirm these benefits and establish effect sizes and clinical significance.
How it works
CBG primarily exerts its effects by interacting with the endocannabinoid system, specifically modulating both CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors. Beyond these, it also influences other receptor systems, including α2-adrenergic receptors and serotonin 5-HT1A receptors, contributing to its diverse therapeutic potential. This interaction allows CBG to modulate immune responses, neuronal signaling, and even bacterial membrane integrity. It is also known to interact with transient receptor potential (TRP) channels. As a lipophilic compound, CBG's absorption and bioavailability are likely similar to other cannabinoids, with better absorption when consumed with dietary fats. While human pharmacokinetic data are limited, its broad interaction with various biological targets underlies its reported anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and antibacterial actions.
Side effects
The overall safety profile of CBG is generally considered favorable, with low psychoactivity. However, comprehensive human safety data from large-scale clinical trials are currently limited. Common side effects are not well-documented in humans, but based on experience with other cannabinoids, potential side effects might include dry mouth, fatigue, or mild gastrointestinal discomfort. Uncommon and rare side effects have not been established due to the lack of extensive human studies. CBG may potentially interact with drugs metabolized by cytochrome P450 enzymes, similar to other cannabinoids, necessitating caution when co-administered with such medications. Contraindications are not well-defined, but caution is advised for pregnant or breastfeeding individuals, and those with severe hepatic or renal impairment due to insufficient data. Specific considerations for pediatric, elderly, or immunocompromised populations are also lacking, highlighting the need for further research to fully characterize its safety profile across diverse groups.
Dosage
Currently, there is no established minimum effective dose, optimal dosage range, or maximum safe dose for CBG in humans due to the limited number of human randomized controlled trials. Preclinical studies have utilized variable doses, making it difficult to extrapolate to human recommendations. The timing of administration is also not established. CBG is available in various forms, including oral, sublingual, and topical applications, and its bioavailability can vary significantly depending on the delivery method. As a lipophilic compound, its absorption is likely enhanced when consumed with dietary fats. There are no identified required cofactors for CBG's efficacy. Users should exercise caution and consult with a healthcare professional before starting CBG, especially given the lack of defined dosing guidelines and safety thresholds in humans.
FAQs
Is CBG psychoactive?
No, Cannabigerol (CBG) is a non-psychoactive cannabinoid, meaning it does not produce the intoxicating 'high' associated with THC.
Can CBG cause a positive drug test?
It is unlikely for CBG itself to cause a positive drug test for THC. However, some CBG products may contain trace amounts of THC, which could potentially lead to a positive result.
How quickly does CBG work?
The onset of CBG's effects depends on the delivery method (e.g., sublingual, oral, topical) and the individual's metabolism. Preclinical models show variable onset times, and human data are limited.
Is CBG legal?
The legal status of CBG varies by jurisdiction. Generally, it is legal if derived from hemp and contains less than 0.3% THC, in compliance with federal regulations in many regions.
Can CBG be combined with other cannabinoids?
Yes, CBG is often combined with other cannabinoids like CBD or THC. This is sometimes done to explore potential synergistic effects, often referred to as the 'entourage effect'.
Research Sources
- https://www.milehighlabs.com/comprehensive-review-of-cannabigerol-cbg/ – This comprehensive review synthesizes preclinical evidence for CBG's anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, antibacterial, and anxiolytic effects. It details CBG's mechanisms of action via the endocannabinoid system and highlights its potential against antibiotic-resistant bacteria and skin conditions, while emphasizing the critical need for more clinical trials to confirm efficacy and safety in humans.
- https://digscholarship.unco.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1044&context=honors – This meta-analysis of in vitro studies investigated the effects of CBG on human breast cancer cell lines. It found that CBG can slow cell proliferation and potentially induce necroptosis, suggesting an anticancer potential. The study notes that these findings are limited to cell models and require further clinical validation.
