Black Mulberries Extract
Also known as: Black Mulberry Extract, Mulberry Leaf Extract, Morus alba Extract, Morus nigra Extract
Overview
Morus nigra extract, commonly known as black mulberry extract, is derived from the fruit or leaves of the *Morus nigra* plant, native to Asia and the Mediterranean. It is rich in bioactive compounds including flavonoids, polyphenols, and the alkaloid 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ). This botanical supplement is primarily recognized for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and metabolic regulatory properties. Research indicates its utility in glycemic control and, notably, in mitigating chemotherapy/radiotherapy-induced oral mucositis. While research is ongoing, several randomized controlled trials and systematic reviews support its efficacy, particularly in these areas, positioning it as a promising adjunctive therapy.
Benefits
Black mulberry extract offers several evidence-based benefits. Most notably, a systematic review of four RCTs (N=297) demonstrated that mulberry formulations significantly reduced the severity and incidence of chemotherapy/radiotherapy-induced oral mucositis (grades 2 and 3), improved pain scores, quality of life, and reduced dry mouth compared to controls (p < 0.05). For glycemic control, meta-analyses of RCTs on mulberry leaf extract show small but consistent improvements in fasting plasma glucose, postprandial glucose, and insulin levels in individuals with diabetes or metabolic syndrome, supporting its role as an adjunctive treatment. Preclinical and some clinical evidence also suggests hepatoprotective effects, alleviating liver damage and fibrosis by modulating oxidative stress, inflammation, and lipid metabolism pathways. Secondary benefits include general anti-inflammatory effects and modulation of lipid profiles, though these require further robust clinical validation.
How it works
Black mulberry extract exerts its effects through multiple mechanisms. A key component, 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ), acts as a potent α-glucosidase inhibitor, delaying carbohydrate digestion and absorption in the gut, thereby reducing postprandial glucose spikes. The rich content of polyphenols and flavonoids contributes to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties by scavenging free radicals and modulating cellular signaling pathways, such as Nrf2 and MAPKs. Additionally, the extract influences gene expression related to lipid metabolism and inflammation, partly through microRNA regulation (e.g., miR-155) and PPARα activation. The bioavailability of active compounds can vary, with hydro-alcoholic leaf extracts often preferred for maximizing flavonoid content.
Side effects
Black mulberry extract is generally well-tolerated, with clinical trials reporting no serious adverse events. Mild gastrointestinal discomfort is a rare potential side effect. While no significant drug interactions have been definitively documented, caution is advised when combining it with antidiabetic medications due to the potential for additive hypoglycemic effects, which could lead to excessively low blood sugar. Specific contraindications are not well-defined, but due to a lack of comprehensive safety data, it is generally recommended to avoid use during pregnancy or lactation. Individuals with pre-existing medical conditions or those on other medications should consult a healthcare professional before starting supplementation.
Dosage
Effective dosages of standardized black mulberry extract in clinical trials typically range from 200 mg to 1,000 mg daily. The extract is often standardized to its active compounds, such as 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) or total flavonoid content. For optimal glycemic control, it is generally recommended to take the supplement before meals to maximize its effect on carbohydrate absorption. The maximum safe dose has not been firmly established, but clinical trials have not reported toxicity at the studied dosages. Hydro-alcoholic extracts are often preferred due to their enhanced absorption of the active compounds, which can influence the effective dosage. Always adhere to product-specific recommendations or consult a healthcare professional.
FAQs
Is black mulberry extract safe for diabetes?
Yes, it shows modest benefits in glycemic control and is generally safe. However, if you are on diabetes medications, use it under medical supervision due to potential additive hypoglycemic effects.
How soon do benefits appear?
Glycemic improvements are often observed within a few weeks of consistent use. For oral mucositis, benefits typically manifest during the course of chemotherapy or radiotherapy cycles.
Can it replace prescribed medications?
No, black mulberry extract is considered an adjunctive dietary supplement. It should not be used as a replacement for any prescribed medications, especially for chronic conditions like diabetes.
Are there any specific dietary considerations?
For glycemic control, taking the extract before meals is recommended to help mitigate postprandial glucose spikes. No specific dietary restrictions are generally associated with its use.
Research Sources
- https://www.cureus.com/articles/188241-a-systematic-review-of-the-efficacy-and-safety-of-mulberry-formulations-for-chemotherapy--andor-radiotherapy-induced-oral-mucositis – This systematic review of 4 RCTs (N=297) found that mulberry formulations significantly reduced the severity and incidence of chemotherapy/radiotherapy-induced oral mucositis (grades 2 and 3), improved pain scores, and enhanced quality of life. The study highlights mulberry's potential as an effective intervention for this debilitating side effect.
- https://www.mooiverouderen.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Mulberryleafectract_2023_review.pdf – This meta-analysis of RCTs on mulberry leaf extract (including black mulberry) indicated small but consistent improvements in glycemic and lipid parameters. It supports the adjunctive use of mulberry extract for metabolic health, though it notes moderate heterogeneity and a need for more long-term data.
- https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/1934578X251314698 – This review, which includes preclinical and clinical data, demonstrated the hepatoprotective mechanisms of black mulberry extract. It highlighted its ability to alleviate liver damage and fibrosis through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory pathways, providing strong mechanistic insights despite limited clinical trials.
- https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1155/2022/9282154 – This systematic review and meta-analysis focused on Morus alba for blood sugar control, finding a reduction in postprandial glucose and insulin. It emphasized the need for more rigorous RCTs to confirm findings, but its high-quality methodology provides valuable insights into mulberry's glycemic effects.
