Bergamonte Full Spectrum Citrus Bergamia Risso Fruit Extract Complex
Also known as: Bergamot, Bergamot orange, Bergamonte Full Spectrum Citrus Bergamia Risso Fruit Extract Complex, Citrus bergamia Risso
Overview
Bergamonte Full Spectrum Citrus Bergamia Risso Fruit Extract Complex is derived from the bergamot fruit, primarily grown in Calabria, Southern Italy. This extract is a rich source of bioactive compounds, including flavonoids like neoeriocitrin, naringin, neohesperidin, melitidin, and brutieridin, as well as polysaccharides, amino acids, and pectin. It is primarily used for its potential metabolic benefits, such as cholesterol reduction, anti-inflammatory effects, and support for vascular health. As a phytocomplex, it contains a full spectrum of bioactive molecules from the fruit, which may act synergistically to enhance its effects. Research includes in vitro studies, animal models, and randomized controlled trials (RCTs), with evidence ranging from moderate to high quality, supporting its metabolic benefits.
Benefits
Bergamot extract is primarily known for its cholesterol-lowering effects. A meta-analysis of 14 RCTs demonstrated significant reductions in total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglycerides (TG), along with an increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Specifically, mean reductions were approximately 63.6 mg/dL for TC, 74.7 mg/dL for TG, and 55.4 mg/dL for LDL-C, with an HDL-C increase of 5.8 mg/dL (p < 0.001). Additionally, a 12-week RCT involving 90 subjects showed improvements in lipid profiles, glucose metabolism (including insulin resistance), and inflammatory markers like hs-CRP. Improvements in endothelial function and reduced atherogenic dyslipidemia have also been observed, particularly at higher doses. Some studies suggest potential benefits for skeletal muscle mass, fat mass reduction, and bone health, indicating possible roles in osteosarcopenic obesity and metabolic health. Individuals with metabolic syndrome, dyslipidemia, and unbalanced metabolic parameters may benefit most from supplementation, with benefits typically observed within 6 to 12 weeks.
How it works
Bergamot flavonoids influence cholesterol metabolism by downregulating HMG-CoA reductase expression and activating AMP-kinase phosphorylation, which reduces cholesterol synthesis. Unlike statins, bergamot does not directly inhibit HMG-CoA reductase. The extract also reduces cholesterol absorption by decreasing levels of the Niemann-Pick C1 Like 1 transporter in intestinal cells. The synergistic action of polyphenols, soluble fibers (pectin), and other small molecules enhances bioavailability and efficacy. Anti-inflammatory effects are mediated through reductions in systemic markers such as hs-CRP and cytokines.
Side effects
Bergamot phytocomplex supplementation is generally well-tolerated, with no significant adverse events reported in clinical trials lasting up to 12 weeks. No serious side effects or dropouts due to adverse events were noted in a 90-subject RCT. While no significant drug interactions or contraindications have been reported in the reviewed studies, caution is advised when combined with cholesterol-lowering medications due to potential additive effects. Long-term safety data beyond 12 weeks are limited, and further research is needed to assess the safety of prolonged use. Individuals should consult with a healthcare provider before starting bergamot supplementation, especially if they have existing medical conditions or are taking other medications.
Dosage
Effective doses of the full-spectrum bergamot phytocomplex in clinical trials range from 350 mg/day to 700 mg/day. Higher doses (700 mg/day) have shown more pronounced effects on body fat and endothelial function. The extract is typically administered orally in powder or capsule form. Consistent daily dosing for at least 6 to 12 weeks is necessary to observe significant metabolic benefits. While specific upper limits have not been established, it is advisable to adhere to the dosages used in clinical trials and consult with a healthcare provider for personalized recommendations.
FAQs
Is bergamot extract safe for long-term use?
Current evidence supports safety up to 12 weeks; longer-term safety data are limited. Consult a healthcare provider for extended use.
Can it replace statins?
Bergamot extract lowers cholesterol via different mechanisms and may be an adjunct or alternative for those intolerant to statins but should not replace prescribed medications without medical advice.
When are effects noticeable?
Lipid and metabolic improvements are generally seen after 6 to 12 weeks of consistent daily dosing.
Does full-spectrum extract work better than isolated flavonoids?
Evidence suggests the full phytocomplex has synergistic effects superior to isolated fractions, enhancing bioavailability and efficacy.
Research Sources
- https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8469228/ – This in vitro study investigated the mechanisms by which bergamot extract and its constituents affect cholesterol metabolism. The findings indicate that bergamot extract downregulates HMGCR expression and reduces cholesterol synthesis and absorption through AMP-kinase activation and transporter modulation, providing mechanistic insight into its cholesterol-lowering effects.
- https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ptr.7647 – This systematic review and meta-analysis of 14 RCTs examined the impact of bergamot extract on lipid profiles. The analysis revealed significant reductions in total cholesterol, LDL-C, and triglycerides, along with an increase in HDL-C, demonstrating consistent lipid profile improvement across various studies, though some heterogeneity in study designs and doses was noted.
- https://www.archivesofmedicalscience.com/Metabolic-and-vascular-effect-of-a-new-standardized-bergamot-phytocomplex-a-three,163368,0,2.html – This double-blind, placebo-controlled RCT involving 90 adults with metabolic syndrome features assessed the effects of a standardized bergamot phytocomplex. The study found dose-dependent improvements in lipid profiles, glucose metabolism, inflammation, and endothelial function, with an excellent safety profile observed over the 12-week duration.
- https://www.archivesofmedicalscience.com/pdf-163368-93702?filename=93702.pdf – This is the PDF version of the Fogacci et al., 2023 study. The study found dose-dependent improvements in lipid profiles, glucose metabolism, inflammation, and endothelial function, with an excellent safety profile observed over the 12-week duration.
- https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11545342/ – This article is a systematic review that discusses the potential benefits of bergamot on skeletal muscle mass and function, fat mass reduction, and bone health, indicating possible roles in osteosarcopenic obesity and metabolic health.